Pharmacology Final - Inhibitors Of Cell Wall/protein/dna Synthesis Drugs

Front 1

What are the two subgroups of the Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors?

Back 1

B-Lactam Compounds
B-Lactamase Inhibitors
(also includes "others")

Front 2

What are the 4 drug classes of B-Lactam Compounds?

Back 2

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbepenems

Front 3

What are the 3 B-Lactamase Inhibitor drugs?

Back 3

Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Front 4

What are the 3 drugs listed in the "others" category of Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors?

Back 4

Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Cycloserine

Front 5

How are the Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors selective in the body?

Back 5

Since cell walls are only present in Prokaryotes, this allows for drug selectivity.

Front 6

Which class of drug inhibits the transpeptidation reaction of bacterial wall synthesis by binding to the PBPs, and preventing cross-linking of the Peptidoglycan?

Back 6

Penicillins

Front 7

How are Penicillins excreted from the body?

Back 7

Kidneys

Front 8

Which organisms are targeted by Penicillins G and V?

Back 8

Gram (+) & (-) Cocci
Gram (+) Bacilli
Spirochetes

Front 9

Which specific Penicillins are resistant to Staphylococcal B-Lactamase?

Back 9

Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

Front 10

Which Penicillins would be the drug of choice for Penicillin-resistant and Methicillin-susceptible strains of Staphylococci?

Back 10

Penicillins that are resistant to Staphylococcal B-Lactamase:
1. Methicillin
2. Nafcillin
3. Oxacillin
4. Dicloxacillin

Front 11

What are the Extended-Spectrum Penicillins?

Back 11

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin

Front 12

Which Penicillins are similar to Penicillin G, but have more activity against Gram (+) Bacilli?

Back 12

Extended-Spectrum Penicillins:
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 13

Which Penicillin is used as prophylaxis for extensive oral surgery?

Back 13

Amoxicillin

Front 14

Ampicillin and Amoxacillin are widely used for which type of infections?

Back 14

Respiratory Infections

Front 15

Which Penicillins have more activity against Gram (-) Bacilli?

Back 15

Extended-Spectrum Penicillins:
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin

Front 16

When Ticarcillin or Piperacillin is used in combination with Aminoglycosides or with Fluoroquinolones, what type of infections will they treat?

Back 16

Pseudomonal infections outside the urinary tract

Front 17

What is the main difference between Penicillins and Cephalosporins?

Back 17

Cephalosporins have increased resistance to B-lactamases, giving it a broader spectrum of activity (especially with Gram (-) organisms)

Front 18

How are the Cephalosporin generations divided?

Back 18

Based on their antimicrobial activity

Front 19

List the drugs in all 4 Generations of Cephalosporins

Back 19

1st: Cephazolin
2nd: Cephamandole & Cefotetan
3rd: Ceftriaxone
4th: Cefepime

Front 20

Which generation of Cephalosporins are a Penicillin G substitute?

Back 20

1st: Cephazolin

Front 21

Gram (-) Cocci, E.coli, and Klebsiella are all treated by which drug

Back 21

Cephazolin
(1st generation Cephalosporin)

Front 22

Which two Cephalosporin Generations are known for their extended Gram (-) activity?

Back 22

2nd and 3rd

Front 23

What is the difference between the two 2nd generation Cephalosporin drugs?

Back 23

Cephamandole: H. influenza, Sinusitis, Otitis, Lower respiratory infections.
Cefotetan: Anaerobic Organisms, Perotonitis, Diverticulitis.

Front 24

What is the drug of choice for Meningitis?

Back 24

Ceftriaxone
(3rd generation Cephalosporin)

Front 25

What is the drug named that is more resistant to B-Lactamases than Cephamandole and Cefotetan, but has similar organism coverage?

Back 25

Cefepime
(4th generation Cephalosporin)

Front 26

Which class of drugs has no use for treatment of Gram (+) organisms or anaerobes?

Back 26

Monobactams

Front 27

Aztreonam is the drug found in which class of B-Lactam Compounds?

Back 27

Monobactams

Front 28

If a patient cannot tolerate Penicillin or Cephalosporins, what is the next drug that is considered?

Back 28

Aztreonam (Monobactam)

Front 29

Which drug is prescribed together with Cilastatin, which inhibits Renal Dehydropeptidase?

Back 29

Imipenem - Carbepenem class

Front 30

What is unique about the B-Lactamase Inhibitors?

Back 30

They have no antibacterial activity by themselves, so they must be formulated with B-Lactamase susceptible Antibiotics.

Front 31

What is the MOA of B-Lactamase Inhibitors?

Back 31

Inhibits many bacterial B-Lactamases, protecting degradation of susceptible antibiotics.

Front 32

Which drug bind to the end of the nascent peptidoglycan?

Back 32

Vancomycin

Front 33

which drug has therapeutic use for Gram (+) activity, particularly Staphylococci, treating serious infections: Sepsis, Endocarditis, and Meningitis

Back 33

Vancomycin

Front 34

Which drug has the AE "Red Man Syndrome"

Back 34

Vancomycin

Front 35

Which drug can cause irritation at the site of injection?

Back 35

Vancomycin

Front 36

Which drug is an effective alternative to Vancomycin?

Back 36

Daptomycin

Front 37

What is Daptomycin a contraindication for?

Back 37

Nitric Oxide treatment for Pneumonia (reacts with the pulmonary surfactant)

Front 38

Which drug's MOA entails inhibition of the incorporation of D-Alanine into the peptidoglycan?

Back 38

Cycloserine

Front 39

Which drug is a second line therapy for Tuberculosis?

Back 39

Cycloserine

Front 40

What are the two subgroups of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors?

Back 40

Antifolate Drugs
DNA Gyrase Inhibitors

Front 41

What are the two main classes of the antifolate drugs?

Back 41

Sulfonamides
Pyrimidines

Front 42

Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, and Sulfasalazine are all drugs under which class?

Back 42

Sulfonamides (Antifolate drugs)

Front 43

How do Sulfonamides work?

Back 43

They are structurally similar to PABA so they inhibit DNA synthesis

Front 44

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine together is the drug of choice for which infection?
Which other infection does it treat?

Back 44

Drug of choice for: Toxoplasmosis
Also treats: Leishmaniasis

Front 45

Which class of drugs have activity against some Protozoa?

Back 45

Sulfonamides

Front 46

How to Sulfonamides become Bacteriocidal?

Back 46

They must be combined with DHFR Inhibitors

Front 47

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim treats?

Back 47

UTIs
Pneumonia
Respiratory infections
Systemic Salmonella

Front 48

Sulfasalazine treats which condition?

Back 48

Ulcerative Colitis

Front 49

List all the drugs involved in the treatment of UTIs

Back 49

Sulfamethoxazole alone
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim (Acute UTIs)
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Front 50

List the Pyrimidine drugs

Back 50

Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine

Front 51

How to Pyrimidines work?

Back 51

DHFR Inhibitors

Front 52

How is resistance different between the two Antifolate classes?

Back 52

Sulfonamides:
PABA Overproduction = competition.
Changes in target structure.

Pyrimidines:
Decreased permeability.
DHFR overproduction/change.

Front 53

Megaloblastic Anemia, Leukopenia, and Granulocytopenia are all adverse effects of which drug class?

Back 53

Pyrimidines

Front 54

DNA Gyrase inhibitors include the _____________ group

Back 54

Fluoroquinolone

Front 55

What are the two Fluoroquinolone drugs?

Back 55

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Front 56

How do Fluoroquinolones work?

Back 56

They inhibit bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which then inhibits DNA Synthesis

Front 57

Cartilage damage and arthropathy are adverse effects found in which drugs?

Back 57

Fluoroquinolones

Front 58

What kind of bacteria are killed by Fluoroquinolones?

Back 58

Gram (-) Aerobic Bacteria

Front 59

UTI, Bacterial Diarrhea, and drug-resistant respiratory infections are treated with which drugs?

Back 59

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Front 60

What is the drug of choice for prophylactic treatment of Anthrax?

Back 60

Ciprofloxacin

Front 61

What are the 6 classes of drugs under the Protein synthesis inhibitors?

Back 61

Tetracyclines
Macrolides & Ketolides
Clindamycin
Streptogramins
Oxazolidinones
Aminoglycosides

Front 62

Where do Tetracyclins bind?

Back 62

30S Subunit on the bacterial Ribosome

Front 63

What is the drug of choice for Rikettsia infections?

Back 63

Tetracyclines

Front 64

Which drug treats H.pylori associated ulcers?

Back 64

Tetracycline

Front 65

Which drug has the adverse effect of Calcium deposition in the bones and teeth?

Back 65

Tetracycline

Front 66

List the classes of protein synthesis inhibitors which bind to the 50s subunit?
What is their other commonality?

Back 66

Macrolides and Ketolides
Clindamycin
Streptogramin
Oxazolidinones

Commonality: Gram (+) Bacteria only

Front 67

What is the drug of choice for Corynebacterial infections?

Back 67

Macrolides and Ketolides
(Telithromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin)

Front 68

Which class of drugs are used in the prophylaxis of Endocarditis in patients with vulvular heart disease undergoing extensive dental procedures and allergic to penicillin?

Back 68

Clindamycin

Front 69

Staphylococcal infections and Vancomycin-resistant strains of E.faecium are treated using which class of drug?

Back 69

Streptogramins (Quinupristin-Dalfopristin)

Front 70

Which two classes of drugs are used for treatment of Vancomycin-resistant strains of E.faecium?

Back 70

Streptogramins
Oxazolidinones

Front 71

Nosocomial Pneumonia and community-acquired Pneumonia are treated using which drug?

Back 71

Linezolid (Oxazolidinones)

Front 72

What is the DDI for Macrolides?

Back 72

Inhibit P450 so blood concentrations increase for many other drugs

Front 73

Which protein synthesis inhibitor passively crosses the outer membrane, but actively transports through the cell membrane?
How is the active transport enhanced?

Back 73

Aminoglycosides
Enhanced by Penicillins and Vancomycin

Front 74

Which protein synthesis inhibitor class treats Gram (-) bacterial infections only?

Back 74

Aminoglycosides (Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentomycin, Streptomycin)

Front 75

Which protein synthesis inhibitor is contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 8 years old?

Back 75

Tetracyclines