Pharmacology Exam 4

Front 1

___ is the uncontrolled growth of human cells

Back 1

Neoplasia

Front 2

___ is the movement of cancer cells to other areas of the body

Back 2

Invasiveness

Front 3

___ is the movement of cells to other areas of the body and then colonize

Back 3

Metastasis

Front 4

Tx of cancer

Back 4

Surgery, radiation, pharm agents

Front 5

Anti-neoplastic agents target what type of cell?

Back 5

Cells that are rapidly dividing

Front 6

Cell cycle specific agents

Back 6

- Act on rapidly replicating cells
- Antimetabolites
- Mitotic spindle inhibitors
- Enzyme inhibitors

Front 7

Non-specific cell cycle agents

Back 7

- Act on all cells
- Bind directly to DNA

Front 8

__ & __ are highly selective cancer treating agents

Back 8

Kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies

Front 9

Alkylating agents (3)

Back 9

Add alkyl groups to DNA and can damage any large molecule

1- Cyclophosphamide: Prodrug; resistance leads to dec cell uptake and inc. DNA repair
2- Lomustine: Prodrug; can cross BBB
3- Cisplatin: Binds to and causes cross-linking of DNA; oto/retinal toxicity

Front 10

Doxorubicin and other "rubicins"

Back 10

- Intercalates w/ DNA- blocks DNA/RNA synthesis
- Can form free radicals that can break DNA
- SE: heart muscle degeneration

Front 11

Dactinomycin & bleomycin

Back 11

- Given by IV
- Intercalates w/ DNA and interferes w/ mRNA synthesis

*Bleomycin can cause pulmonary fibrosis

Front 12

Antimetabolites (5); folate antagonists, purine and pyrimidine analogs

Back 12

1- Methotrexate=> inhibits DNA synthesis
2- 5-fluoruracil (5FU)=> enzyme inhibitor
3- Gemicitibine=> enzyme inhibitor
4- Cytarabine=> " "
5- 6- mercaptopurine=> " "

Front 13

Folate antagonist

Back 13

Methotrexate

Front 14

Dihydrofolate reductase catalyzes what two reactions

Back 14

Folic acid--> dihydrofolic acid--> THFA

Front 15

Pyrimidine analogs (3)

Back 15

1- 5-fluoruracil (5FU)=> enzyme inhibitor; prevents thymodilic acid formation
2- Gemicitibine=> enzyme inhibitor (DNA polymerase)
3- Cytarabine=> " "

Front 16

Purine analog

Back 16

6-mercaptopurine (6MP)
- enzyme inhibitor

Front 17

T/F The pyrimidine and purine analogs are prodrugs

Back 17

True

Front 18

Microtubule inhibitors (4)

Back 18

1- Vincristine
2- Vinblastine
3- Eribulin
4- Paclitaxel: forms abnormal microtubules

Front 19

Topoisomerase inhibitors (2)

Back 19

1- Etoposide: inhibits topo II
2- Topotecan: inhibits topo I

Front 20

The microtubule and topoisomerase inhibitors are derived from what?

Back 20

Plant alkaloids

Front 21

Anti-androgens (5)

Back 21

1- Flutamide: blocks androgen receptor
2- Nilutamide: " "
3- Bicalutamide: " "
4- Abiraterone: INHIBITS the enzyme required for testosterone synthesis
5- Leuprolide: ACTIVATES a receptor for GnRH; prolonged use leads to dec testosterone

Front 22

Anti-estrogens (5)

Back 22

1- Anastrozole: An aromatase (enzyme) inhibitor; stops estradiol formation from test
2- Letrozole: " "
3- Tamoxifen: BLOCKS estrogen receptor; SE are retinal damage and inc. cataracts
4- Fulvestrant: " "
5- Prednisone: for lymphomas and leukemias

Front 23

Kinase Inhibitors (2)

Back 23

1- Imitinib: Inhibits the kinase that shuts down apoptosis (BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase) in CML (axitinib, sunitinib, lapatinib)
2- Geftinib: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor=> ENZYME inhibitor; (erlotinib)

Front 24

Proteosome Inhibitor

Back 24

Bortezomib
- inhibits the proteosome activity in multiple myeloma

Front 25

Monoclonal Antibodies (3)

Back 25

1- Trastuzumab: mab vs. HER2 site in breast cancer
2- Bevacizumab: mab vs. VEGF
3- Rituximab: mab vs. CD20 site in lymphoma cells

Front 26

Newly introduced cancer agents (7)

Back 26

1- Abiraterone
2- Brentuximab
3- Crizotinib
4- Ipilimumab
5- Vandetinib
6- Vemurafinib
7- Vismodegib

Front 27

Curable cancers

Back 27

ALL, Hodgkins lymphoma, testicular carcinoma, chorocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, Wilm's tumor

Front 28

T/F All cancer cells divide rapidly

Back 28

False