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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 groups of drugs used for the treatment of hypercholesteremia and dyslipidemia?
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1. statins
2. bile-acid sequestrants 3. nicotinic acid 4. fibric acid derivatives 5. new lipid lowering agents (ezetimibe) |
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increase in what type of levels induce formation of atherosclerosis plaques?
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LDL
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hypercholesterolemia (LDL)
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High cholesterol (fat) diet, hypopitutarism and
hypothyroidism (decreased LDL receptors). |
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total cholesterol levels
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<200 desirable
200-239 borderline high >240 high |
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LDL cholesterol levels
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<100 optimal
100-129 near/above optimal 130-159 borderline high 160-189 high >190 very high |
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HDL cholesterol
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<40 low
>60 high |
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triglycerides
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<150 normal
150-199 high 200-499 high >500 very high |
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modes to reduce lipid levels
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1.therapeutic lifestyle changes
2.medication 3. |
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6 groups used in the drug therapy of dyslipidemia
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1.Statins
2.Bile-Acid Sequestrants 3.Niacin 4.Fibric Acid Derivatives 5.Agents decreasing dietary fat absorbtion (Ezetimibe) 6.Inhibitors of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein |
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statins mechanism of action
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competition with HMG -CoA to prevent mevalonate synthesis, resulting in decrease of cholesterol synthesis and upregulation of LDL receptors
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major adverse effects for statins
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-myopathies
(so...don't use with fibrates, antibiotics, antifungals, and HIV protease inhibitors) -hepatotoxicity -neuropathies -don't take during pregnancy (or if wishing to conceive) -don't give to children younger than 11 (8 for provastatin) |
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nicotinic acid =
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niacin
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what is the best agent (drug) available to increase HDL levels?
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niacin
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niacin mechanism of action
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in the liver reduces triglyceride levels by inhibiting synthesis and esterification of free fatty acids. Reduction in the free fatty acid levels leads to decrease VLDL production and LDL levels
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adverse effects of niacin
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digestive tract: dyspesia
(must be avoided in pts with peptic ulcers) -flushing -pruritus -don't take during pregnancy -hepatotoxicity -hyperglycemia |
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bile-acid sequestrants
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oldest and safest...reduce LDL
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fibric acid derivatives
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stimulate oxidation of fatty acids
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ezetimibe
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blocks the function of a receptor that facilitates cholesterol absorption
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