Pharmacology Exam 1

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pharmacology

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the study of drugs that alter the functions of living organisms

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drug

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any chemical substance that influences living systems/can stimulate or inhibit normal cellular functions

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drug therapy

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the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or cure disease processes or to relieve s&s without curing the underlying disease

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medication

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term used for a drug given for therapeutic purposes

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local effects

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act mainly at site of application

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systemic effects

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circulated through blood stream and act on various tissues or organs in the body

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prototype

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individual drug that represent groups of drugs, standard used to compare new drug to or similar drugs to

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drug classification

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way to group similar drugs or a group of drugs with common characteristics or uses

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therapeutic classification

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defines the type of drug according to its use in treating a disease or disorder...EX analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.

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pharmacologic or chemical classification

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defines the type of drug according to its pharmacologic family..EX salicylate, penicillin, etc

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chemical name

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identifies the exact chemical structure of the drug according to molecular structure or placement of atoms. used during early stage of dev before generic name assigned. NOT CAPITALIZED

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generic name

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is related to the chemical or official name and independent of the manufacturer, can be used by any manufacturer in any country, often indicates the drug group, (cillin) -LOWER CASE-ex aspirin

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trade or brand name

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designated and patented by manufacturer amoxil or polymox for amoxicillin, can only be used by that manufacturer and is followed by registered trademark signed circle with r in it trade names ARE CAPITALIZED ex Bayer Aspirin

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bioequivalent

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having same biological effect of that to which a drug is compared, can be used interchangeably

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prescription durgs

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drugs that must be ordered by physician and dispensed by pharmacist, habit forming drugs or drugs not safe for use except under supervision of licensed practitioner

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non-prescription or OTC

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drugs that are considered safe to used without supervision of licensed practitioner and are not considered habit forming

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controlled substance

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narcotics and other drugs which have potential for abuse and are regulated under the Controlled Substance Act

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pharmacotherapeutics

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branch of pharmacology that deals with drugs or chemicals used in medicine for tx, prevention, and diagnosis of disease-clinical pharmacology

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passive diffusion

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involves movement of drug molecules from area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

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facilitated diffision

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drug molecules combine with a carrier substance, such as an enzyme or other protein to facilitate movement

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active transport

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drug molecules are moved from area of lower concentration into area of high concentration requires carrier substance and the release of cellular energy

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absorption

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process that occurs between the time a drug enters the body and the time it enters the blood stream

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distribution

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involves the transport of drug molecules within the body

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metabolism

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method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the body

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excretion

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refers to elimination of drug from body

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serum half life

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also called elimination half time, is time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%

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pharmacodynamics

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deals with interactions between chemical components of living tissues or systems and foreign chemicals

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dose

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is the amount of drug to be given at one time

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dosage

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refers to frequency, size and number of doses. is major determinant of drug actions and responses, both therapeutic and adverse

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pharmacokinetics

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the study of movement of drugs in the body includes processes of absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion of drugs