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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prototype drug for hypothyroidism
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levothyroxine (levothroid, Synthoid, others)
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An alkaline substance that have been used to neutralize stomach acid for hundreds of years.
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Antacids
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What are associated risks to peptic ulcers?
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Family history, type O blood, tobacco, caffeine, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, NSAIDs, stress.
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Order not written as STAT, ASAP, NOW, or PRN. Usually given within 2 hours of the time.
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Routine order
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What are the 3 main way of administration of medication?
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enteral, parentral, topical
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Most common signs and symtoms for IBD.
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Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
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How should you demonstrate administration of a medication to a preschooler?
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Use a doll, let the kid play the role of a doctor or a nurse.
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Medication that is used for both PUD and GERD
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H2-receptor antagonist
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Trade name for bismuth?
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Pepto-Bismol
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Mechanism of action for antiemetic, prochloperazine (Compazine)
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blocks dopamine receptors in the brain, inhibits signals to vomit center in medulla.
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If a drug will produce a therapueutic effect at a lower dose, compared with another drug it is considered more what?
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Potent
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Prototype drug for laxatives and cathartics?
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psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil, Naturcil, others)
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capacity of a drug to induce vomiting.
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Emetogenic
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What should you give an infant who is on fluid resrictions caused by vomiting and diarrhea?
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Pacifier
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Drug classifications to treat IBS
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Bulk Laxitives: Treats constipation
Anticholinergic: reduces bowel spasms Tefserod: treats constipation Serotonin agonist: stimulates peristaltic reflex |
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Prototype drug for treatment of diabetes insipidus
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vasopressin injection (Pitressin)
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Difference in adverse effects of calcium and aluminum hydroxide compared to the other antacids.
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calcium and aluminum hydroxide give you constipation the other antacids give you diarrhea.
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An herbal agent that is used as a laxative.
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senna/sennosides (Ex-Lax, Senokot, others)
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Where is the preferred injection spot for infants?
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Vastus lateralis
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When should you administer Sucralfate and what is its pharmacuetical action?
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Prior to meal, works by dissolving into a jelly and sticking to ulcer.
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What are and explain the 4 different types of parenteral drug form adminitrations?
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Intradermal: Drug is administered with a 26-27 gauge, 3/8-5/8 inch needle between the epidermis and dermis.
Subcutaneous: Drug is administered with a 23-25 guage, 1/2-5/8 inch syringe below the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue. Intramuscular: Drug is given using a 20-23 gauge, 1-1.5 inch syringe into the muscular tissue. Intravenous: Drug is administered with a 1-1.5 inch, 19-21 gauge needle directly into a vein. |
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Any medication that are needed immediately, and is to be given only once. Time limit
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STAT, within 5 minutes or less
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Laxitive that promotes peristalsis by irritating the bowel mucosa.
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Stimulant
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Two most common anorexiants administered today.
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Orlistat - Blocks lipid absorption in the GI tract.
Sibutramine - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
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Mechanism of action for diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
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Slows peristalsis
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Medications that end with RAZOLE
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Proton pump inhibitors
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Metal containing classification of drugs?
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antacids
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What regulates the flow of food out of the stomach into the small intestines?
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Pyloric Sphincter
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The well-understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared.
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Prototype drug
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What are and explain the 6 different drug forms of topical administration?
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Transdermal: Drug is administered on the skin via patch or ointment.
Opthmalmic: Drug is given through the eye. Otic: Drug is administered into the ear. Nasal drops: Drug is given throught the nasal canal. Vaginal: Drug is given into the vaginal canal. Rectal suppository: Drug is administered into the anus. |
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Ulceration in distal part of the small intestines.
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Crohn Disease
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Responsibility of thyroid gland
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Secretes thrroxine (T4) and triiodothyronin (T3): controls basal metabolic rate and affect every cell in body.
Parafollicular cells in thyroid secrete calcitonin: responsible for calcium homeostasis. |
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Reduces acid secretion in the stomach by binding irreversibly to the enzyme H+, K+ - ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Prototype drug for antidiuretic hormone replacement.
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desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate)
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Common causes of constipation?
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Lack of exercise, insufficient dietary fiberr, diminished fluid intake, slow motility of waste, Certain foods, medications, diseases.
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Administered as required by the patients condition.
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PRN
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Prototype drug for H2-receptor Anagonists
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ranitidine (Zantac)
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A protein secreted by the stomach cells that is required for vitamin B12 to be absorbed from the intestines.
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Intrinsic factor
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As blood passes through the liver circulation, where some drugs can be completely metabolized to an inactive form before they ever reach the general circulation.
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First Pass Effect
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Prototype drug for antiemetics
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prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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the magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug.
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Efficacy
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Difference in peptic ulcer disease and gastric ulcers?
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PUD is the erosion of the duodenal and stomach mucosal layers. Gastric ulcers are more commonly associated with cancer and require longer follow up.
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Why are antacids no longer considerd for PUD.
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They do not promote healing of the ulcer, nor do they help to eradicate H. Pylori
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How to administer psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil, others)
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Mix with at least 8 oz of water, fruit juice, or milk, and administer immediately.
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The study of drug movement throughout the body?
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Pharmacokinetics
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Should be available for administration to the patient within 30 minutes of the written order.
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ASAP
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Subcutaneous injection angle and sites?
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45 degrees, outer aspect of the upper arms, middle two thirds of the anterior thigh, subscapular areas of the upper back, upper dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal, abdominal above the iliac crest 1.5-2 inches out from the umbilicus.
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Prototype drug for IBD.
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sulfasalazine (Asulfidine)
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Why is IV routes onset rapid and is considered the most dangerous route?
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IV medication bypasses the enztmatic process of the digestive system and the first-pass effect in the liver.
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Prototype drug for hyperthyroidism
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Propylthiouracil (PTU)
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Considerations with administering antdiarrheal therapy.
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Contraindicated in patients with severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, liver or renal disorders, glaucoma.
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When administering an infant oral medication where should it be directed to?
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the inner cheek. (give time to swallow to avoid aspiration)
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Precaution for OTC antiemetics.
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Do not use for a prolonged period.
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Primary goal in treating GERD.
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Reducing gastric-acid secretions.
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Therapuetic use of proton pump inhibitors.
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Antiulcer medication
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Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer.
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Gnawing or burning, upper abdominal pain that occurs 1-3 hours after meal.
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Difference between laxatives and cathartics.
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Cathartics are a stronger and more complete bowel emptier.
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3 classifications of drugs that are administered for Inflammatory bowel disease?
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5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) agents
Glucocorticoids Immunosuppressants |
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Chonic autoimmune thyroiditis (hypothrodism)
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Hashimoto's disease
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When do you administer ranitidine (Zantac) H2-receptor antagonist?
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After meals (monitor liver and renal function)
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Children of preschooler age needs to be educated on what to prevent poisoning?
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Despite some medications tasting like candy, they are not.
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Medications that end in TIDINE
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H2-receptor antagonist
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How does bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) work?
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keeps bacteria from sticking in your stomach, which makes it effective with inhibiting bacterial growth.
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Order that is only given once and is at a specific time.
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Single order
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What are the 7 rights of medicine administration?
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Right patient, time, dose, drug, route, reason, documentation.
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Promotes the evacuation of the bowel, or defecation, and are widely used to prevent and treat constipation.
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Laxitives, Cathartic
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Preferred drugs for the pharmacotherapy of serious nausea and vomiting due to antineoplastic therapy, radiation therapy, or surgical procedures.
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Serotonin (5-HT3) Antagonists
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Mechanism of action for tegaserod (Zelnorm)
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serotonin receptor agonist that causes an increase stool formation and number of bowel movements.
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Common adverse reactions from antacids.
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nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, flatulence
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How a drug produces its effect in the body.
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Mechanism of Action
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Common adverse effects of laxatives and cathartics.
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diarrhea, abdominal cramping
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The dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients.
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Median effective dose (ED50)
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Intradermal administration angle and sites?
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10-15 degrees, in the upper back, over the scapulae, the high upper chest, and the inner forearm.
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Symtoms of IBS
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abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, gas, constipation, alternating with diarrhea
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Prototype drug for addisons disease
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hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone)
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Adverse effects of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
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dizziness and drowsiness
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Adverse affects of proton pump inhibitors.
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Headache, diarrhea, naussea, rash, dizziness.
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Usually included with antibiotic when fighting H. pylori.
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Proton pump inhibitor, bismuth compounds.
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When administering volumes less than 1 mL to an infant IM, which type of syringe should you consider using?
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tuberculin syringe
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A higher amount of drug, often given once or twice to "prime" the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug.
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Loading dose
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Comprises an exrtremely diverse set of therapies and healing systems that are considered to be outside mainstream health care.
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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
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Laxitive that cause more water and fat to be absorbed into the stool.
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Stool softener, surfactant
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Drugs that effect hunger and/or appetite
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Anorexiants
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The Application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and the treatment of suffering.
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Pharmacotherapy or Pharmacotherapeutics
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Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
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Increased metabolism, tachycardia, weight loss, elevated temp., anxiety.
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Prototype drug for antacids.
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aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGEL, others)
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What keeps food from moving back up in the esophagus?
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Cardiac Sphincter
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Prototype drug for proton pump inhibitors.
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omeprazole (Prilosec)
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Prolonged diarrhea can lead to what?
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Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalance.
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Order written in advance of a situation that is to be carried out under specific circumstances.
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Standing order
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What are and explain the 4 drug forms of entral route medication?
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1) tablet, capsule, or liquid: formed drug that is swallowed.
2) sublingual: drug that is dissolved under the toungue. 3) buccal: drug is dissolved between the gums and the cheek. 4) nasogastric and gastrostomy: drug administered in an NG or G tube. |
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Erosions of the large intestines?
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Ulcerative colitis
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Special anatomic barriers that prevent many chemicals and medications from entering.
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Blood-brain barrier
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Generic drug names that end with SETRON
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Serotonin receptor antagonists
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Hormone release is commonly controlled by what?
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Negative feedback
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Effictive at suppressing the volume and acidity of parietal cell secretions.
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H2-receptor antogonist
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Gram-negative bacterium associated with 80% of patients with duodenal ulcers and 70% of those with gastric ulcers.
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H. Pylori
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Prototype drug for antidiarrheals.
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diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) loperamide (Imodium)
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When to administer aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGEL, others)
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PRN, (at least 2 hours after or before other drugs because absoption could be affected)
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Why is it a primary goal, when administering medication to an infant to ensure that the entire dose is ingested and not spit up?
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It is very difficult to estimate how much of the medication was lost.
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Why are multiple anti-biotics given for H. Pylori infection?
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it is well adapted and neutralized the high acidity surrounding it and by making chemical called ADHESINS that allow it to stich tightly to the GI mucosa.
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Spastic colon or mucous colitis is also know as what?
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Irritable bowel syndrome
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Symptoms for addisons disease.
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Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, confusion, and coma.
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When administering a rectal suppository to an infant how long should you hold the buttocks together for?
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5-10 minutes to prevent expulsion of the drug.
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When do you administer omeprazole (Prilosec)?
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before breakfast on an empty stomach
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When administering H2-receptor antagonist's what sign should you report immediately?
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Melena (black, tarry stool)
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Intramuscular angle and sites?
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90 degrees, deltoid and triceps 1mL, ventro/dorsogluteal, vastus lateralis.
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Type of laxitive that absorbs water, thus adding size to the fecal mass.
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Bulk forming
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Considerations for laxitive therapy.
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Assess abdomen
Peristalsis must be restored prior to laxitive. Assess for colon cancer, intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction. If diarrhea occurs stop laxative. |
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Considerations when administering tegaserod (Zelnorm) for IBD
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Monitor liver and renal function
cardiovascular status. Administer prior to meal with water. tablets may be crushed |