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110 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Prototype drug for hypothyroidism
levothyroxine (levothroid, Synthoid, others)
An alkaline substance that have been used to neutralize stomach acid for hundreds of years.
Antacids
What are associated risks to peptic ulcers?
Family history, type O blood, tobacco, caffeine, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, NSAIDs, stress.
Order not written as STAT, ASAP, NOW, or PRN. Usually given within 2 hours of the time.
Routine order
What are the 3 main way of administration of medication?
enteral, parentral, topical
Most common signs and symtoms for IBD.
Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
How should you demonstrate administration of a medication to a preschooler?
Use a doll, let the kid play the role of a doctor or a nurse.
Medication that is used for both PUD and GERD
H2-receptor antagonist
Trade name for bismuth?
Pepto-Bismol
Mechanism of action for antiemetic, prochloperazine (Compazine)
blocks dopamine receptors in the brain, inhibits signals to vomit center in medulla.
If a drug will produce a therapueutic effect at a lower dose, compared with another drug it is considered more what?
Potent
Prototype drug for laxatives and cathartics?
psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil, Naturcil, others)
capacity of a drug to induce vomiting.
Emetogenic
What should you give an infant who is on fluid resrictions caused by vomiting and diarrhea?
Pacifier
Drug classifications to treat IBS
Bulk Laxitives: Treats constipation
Anticholinergic: reduces bowel spasms
Tefserod: treats constipation
Serotonin agonist: stimulates peristaltic reflex
Prototype drug for treatment of diabetes insipidus
vasopressin injection (Pitressin)
Difference in adverse effects of calcium and aluminum hydroxide compared to the other antacids.
calcium and aluminum hydroxide give you constipation the other antacids give you diarrhea.
An herbal agent that is used as a laxative.
senna/sennosides (Ex-Lax, Senokot, others)
Where is the preferred injection spot for infants?
Vastus lateralis
When should you administer Sucralfate and what is its pharmacuetical action?
Prior to meal, works by dissolving into a jelly and sticking to ulcer.
What are and explain the 4 different types of parenteral drug form adminitrations?
Intradermal: Drug is administered with a 26-27 gauge, 3/8-5/8 inch needle between the epidermis and dermis.
Subcutaneous: Drug is administered with a 23-25 guage, 1/2-5/8 inch syringe below the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue.
Intramuscular: Drug is given using a 20-23 gauge, 1-1.5 inch syringe into the muscular tissue.
Intravenous: Drug is administered with a 1-1.5 inch, 19-21 gauge needle directly into a vein.
Any medication that are needed immediately, and is to be given only once. Time limit
STAT, within 5 minutes or less
Laxitive that promotes peristalsis by irritating the bowel mucosa.
Stimulant
Two most common anorexiants administered today.
Orlistat - Blocks lipid absorption in the GI tract.
Sibutramine - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Mechanism of action for diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
Slows peristalsis
Medications that end with RAZOLE
Proton pump inhibitors
Metal containing classification of drugs?
antacids
What regulates the flow of food out of the stomach into the small intestines?
Pyloric Sphincter
The well-understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared.
Prototype drug
What are and explain the 6 different drug forms of topical administration?
Transdermal: Drug is administered on the skin via patch or ointment.
Opthmalmic: Drug is given through the eye.
Otic: Drug is administered into the ear.
Nasal drops: Drug is given throught the nasal canal.
Vaginal: Drug is given into the vaginal canal.
Rectal suppository: Drug is administered into the anus.
Ulceration in distal part of the small intestines.
Crohn Disease
Responsibility of thyroid gland
Secretes thrroxine (T4) and triiodothyronin (T3): controls basal metabolic rate and affect every cell in body.
Parafollicular cells in thyroid secrete calcitonin: responsible for calcium homeostasis.
Reduces acid secretion in the stomach by binding irreversibly to the enzyme H+, K+ - ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Prototype drug for antidiuretic hormone replacement.
desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate)
Common causes of constipation?
Lack of exercise, insufficient dietary fiberr, diminished fluid intake, slow motility of waste, Certain foods, medications, diseases.
Administered as required by the patients condition.
PRN
Prototype drug for H2-receptor Anagonists
ranitidine (Zantac)
A protein secreted by the stomach cells that is required for vitamin B12 to be absorbed from the intestines.
Intrinsic factor
As blood passes through the liver circulation, where some drugs can be completely metabolized to an inactive form before they ever reach the general circulation.
First Pass Effect
Prototype drug for antiemetics
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
the magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug.
Efficacy
Difference in peptic ulcer disease and gastric ulcers?
PUD is the erosion of the duodenal and stomach mucosal layers. Gastric ulcers are more commonly associated with cancer and require longer follow up.
Why are antacids no longer considerd for PUD.
They do not promote healing of the ulcer, nor do they help to eradicate H. Pylori
How to administer psyllium mucilloid (Metamucil, others)
Mix with at least 8 oz of water, fruit juice, or milk, and administer immediately.
The study of drug movement throughout the body?
Pharmacokinetics
Should be available for administration to the patient within 30 minutes of the written order.
ASAP
Subcutaneous injection angle and sites?
45 degrees, outer aspect of the upper arms, middle two thirds of the anterior thigh, subscapular areas of the upper back, upper dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal, abdominal above the iliac crest 1.5-2 inches out from the umbilicus.
Prototype drug for IBD.
sulfasalazine (Asulfidine)
Why is IV routes onset rapid and is considered the most dangerous route?
IV medication bypasses the enztmatic process of the digestive system and the first-pass effect in the liver.
Prototype drug for hyperthyroidism
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Considerations with administering antdiarrheal therapy.
Contraindicated in patients with severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, liver or renal disorders, glaucoma.
When administering an infant oral medication where should it be directed to?
the inner cheek. (give time to swallow to avoid aspiration)
Precaution for OTC antiemetics.
Do not use for a prolonged period.
Primary goal in treating GERD.
Reducing gastric-acid secretions.
Therapuetic use of proton pump inhibitors.
Antiulcer medication
Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer.
Gnawing or burning, upper abdominal pain that occurs 1-3 hours after meal.
Difference between laxatives and cathartics.
Cathartics are a stronger and more complete bowel emptier.
3 classifications of drugs that are administered for Inflammatory bowel disease?
5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) agents
Glucocorticoids
Immunosuppressants
Chonic autoimmune thyroiditis (hypothrodism)
Hashimoto's disease
When do you administer ranitidine (Zantac) H2-receptor antagonist?
After meals (monitor liver and renal function)
Children of preschooler age needs to be educated on what to prevent poisoning?
Despite some medications tasting like candy, they are not.
Medications that end in TIDINE
H2-receptor antagonist
How does bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) work?
keeps bacteria from sticking in your stomach, which makes it effective with inhibiting bacterial growth.
Order that is only given once and is at a specific time.
Single order
What are the 7 rights of medicine administration?
Right patient, time, dose, drug, route, reason, documentation.
Promotes the evacuation of the bowel, or defecation, and are widely used to prevent and treat constipation.
Laxitives, Cathartic
Preferred drugs for the pharmacotherapy of serious nausea and vomiting due to antineoplastic therapy, radiation therapy, or surgical procedures.
Serotonin (5-HT3) Antagonists
Mechanism of action for tegaserod (Zelnorm)
serotonin receptor agonist that causes an increase stool formation and number of bowel movements.
Common adverse reactions from antacids.
nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, flatulence
How a drug produces its effect in the body.
Mechanism of Action
Common adverse effects of laxatives and cathartics.
diarrhea, abdominal cramping
The dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients.
Median effective dose (ED50)
Intradermal administration angle and sites?
10-15 degrees, in the upper back, over the scapulae, the high upper chest, and the inner forearm.
Symtoms of IBS
abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, gas, constipation, alternating with diarrhea
Prototype drug for addisons disease
hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone)
Adverse effects of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
dizziness and drowsiness
Adverse affects of proton pump inhibitors.
Headache, diarrhea, naussea, rash, dizziness.
Usually included with antibiotic when fighting H. pylori.
Proton pump inhibitor, bismuth compounds.
When administering volumes less than 1 mL to an infant IM, which type of syringe should you consider using?
tuberculin syringe
A higher amount of drug, often given once or twice to "prime" the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug.
Loading dose
Comprises an exrtremely diverse set of therapies and healing systems that are considered to be outside mainstream health care.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
Laxitive that cause more water and fat to be absorbed into the stool.
Stool softener, surfactant
Drugs that effect hunger and/or appetite
Anorexiants
The Application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and the treatment of suffering.
Pharmacotherapy or Pharmacotherapeutics
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Increased metabolism, tachycardia, weight loss, elevated temp., anxiety.
Prototype drug for antacids.
aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGEL, others)
What keeps food from moving back up in the esophagus?
Cardiac Sphincter
Prototype drug for proton pump inhibitors.
omeprazole (Prilosec)
Prolonged diarrhea can lead to what?
Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalance.
Order written in advance of a situation that is to be carried out under specific circumstances.
Standing order
What are and explain the 4 drug forms of entral route medication?
1) tablet, capsule, or liquid: formed drug that is swallowed.
2) sublingual: drug that is dissolved under the toungue.
3) buccal: drug is dissolved between the gums and the cheek.
4) nasogastric and gastrostomy: drug administered in an NG or G tube.
Erosions of the large intestines?
Ulcerative colitis
Special anatomic barriers that prevent many chemicals and medications from entering.
Blood-brain barrier
Generic drug names that end with SETRON
Serotonin receptor antagonists
Hormone release is commonly controlled by what?
Negative feedback
Effictive at suppressing the volume and acidity of parietal cell secretions.
H2-receptor antogonist
Gram-negative bacterium associated with 80% of patients with duodenal ulcers and 70% of those with gastric ulcers.
H. Pylori
Prototype drug for antidiarrheals.
diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) loperamide (Imodium)
When to administer aluminum hydroxide (AlternaGEL, others)
PRN, (at least 2 hours after or before other drugs because absoption could be affected)
Why is it a primary goal, when administering medication to an infant to ensure that the entire dose is ingested and not spit up?
It is very difficult to estimate how much of the medication was lost.
Why are multiple anti-biotics given for H. Pylori infection?
it is well adapted and neutralized the high acidity surrounding it and by making chemical called ADHESINS that allow it to stich tightly to the GI mucosa.
Spastic colon or mucous colitis is also know as what?
Irritable bowel syndrome
Symptoms for addisons disease.
Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, confusion, and coma.
When administering a rectal suppository to an infant how long should you hold the buttocks together for?
5-10 minutes to prevent expulsion of the drug.
When do you administer omeprazole (Prilosec)?
before breakfast on an empty stomach
When administering H2-receptor antagonist's what sign should you report immediately?
Melena (black, tarry stool)
Intramuscular angle and sites?
90 degrees, deltoid and triceps 1mL, ventro/dorsogluteal, vastus lateralis.
Type of laxitive that absorbs water, thus adding size to the fecal mass.
Bulk forming
Considerations for laxitive therapy.
Assess abdomen
Peristalsis must be restored prior to laxitive.
Assess for colon cancer, intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction.
If diarrhea occurs stop laxative.
Considerations when administering tegaserod (Zelnorm) for IBD
Monitor liver and renal function
cardiovascular status.
Administer prior to meal with water.
tablets may be crushed