Pharmacology Exam 1

Front 1

choline transporter (CHT) can be inhibited by

Back 1

hemicholiniums

Front 2

vesicle-associated transporter (VAT) can be inhibited by

Back 2

vesamicol

Front 3

VAMPs and SNAPs can be blocked by
(especially the VAMP synaptogamin)

Back 3

botulinum toxin

Front 4

Acetylcholine (Ach) receptors and effects at moderate dose

Back 4

M3 - vasodilation, decreased TPR, reflex tachycardia

Front 5

Acetylcholine (Ach) receptors and effects at high doses

Back 5

M2 - bradycardia, decreased AV conduction, negative inotrope
M3 - bronchial constriction, secretion, salivating, sweat, urine, tears

Front 6

Methacholine characteristics and uses

Back 6

- longer half life
-diagnose bronchiolar hypersensitivity
- dx belladonna alkaloid poisoning

Front 7

Carbachol effects, uses, adverse effects

Back 7

nicotinic effects - autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, skeletal muscle
uses - topically in glaucoma
adverse - high doses - muscarinic effects on the heart -- cardiac arrest

Front 8

Bethanechol charac, uses

Back 8

-not susceptible to AchE, predominately M3, no nicotinic action
uses - reduce reflux (increase LES tone), urinary retention (detrusor contraction, decrease outlet resist of internal spincter)

Front 9

muscarinic choline esters

Back 9

-acetylcholine
-methacholine
-carbachol
-bethanechol

Front 10

muscarinic alkaloids

Back 10

-muscarine
-pilocarpine

Front 11

muscarine characteristics and symptoms

Back 11

activates muscarinic receptors with 100-fold potency of Ach
not destroyed by AchE, longer half life
no nicotinic activity
sx - salivation, sweating, tear flow; large doses - abd pn, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, dyspnea

Front 12

pilocarpine effects

Back 12

muscarinic - opthalmic effects predominate
- contracts spincter - miosis
-frees canal of Schlemm (narrow angle)
-enhances tone of trabecular network (wide angle)
-contracts ciliary - accommodation

Front 13

nicotinic alkaloids

Back 13

nicotine
succinylcholine
(nicotinic receptor agonists)

Front 14

nicotine effects and use and

Back 14

Nm - skeletal m contraction, depolarizing blockade
Nn - increased HR, vasoconstriction,gut motility and secretion, incresed resp rate, nausea and vomiting
--for smoking cessation

Front 15

contraindications of cholinoceptor agonists

Back 15

- peptic ulcers, GI disorders, asthma

Front 16

Drugs that block effects of muscarinic agonists

Back 16

- quinidine
- procainamide
- tricyclic antidepressants

Front 17

indirect acting cholinomimetics

Back 17

reversible - edrophonium, physostigmine, neostigmine, donepezil, tacrine
irreversible - echothiphosphate, malathion, parathion, sarin

Front 18

erdophonium charac and uses

Back 18

short acting
dx - differentiate MG from cholinergic crisis

Front 19

physostigmine charac and use

Back 19

-tertiary amine, enters CNS
- glaucoma, antidote in atropine od

Front 20

neostigmine, pyridostigmine charac and use

Back 20

quternary amine, doesnt enter CNS
- ileus, urinary retention, MG, reversal of non-depolarizing NM blockers

Front 21

Donepezil and Tacrine charac and use

Back 21

-lipid soluble (CNS)
-Alzheimer's

Front 22

Organophosphates charac and use

Back 22

-lipid soluble, long-acting AchE irriversible inhibitors
- glaucoma (echothiophosphate)
insecticides - malathion, parathion
nerve gas - sarin

Front 23

sx of AchE inhibitor intoxication

Back 23

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchiolar constriction
Bradycardia
Excitement
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation

Front 24

muscarinic receptor antagonists

Back 24

-atropine
-ipratropium
-benzotropine

Front 25

nicotinic receptor antagonists(Nn and Nm)

Back 25

hexamethonium
mecamylamine

Front 26

neuromuscular blocking drugs

Back 26

non-depolarizing - D-turbocurarine
depolarizing - succinylcholine

Front 27

ipratropium prop, effects, uses

Back 27

-M3 in bronchial SMCs and glands when inhaled, no CNS absorption
-decreases bronchoconstriction and secretions
-chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma

Front 28

benztropine prop, effects, uses

Back 28

-CNS absoption, muscarinic in brain
-dopaminergic-cholinergic balance, decrease GI/GU secretions, decrease motility, increase HR
-parkinson's

Front 29

ganglionic blocking agents

Back 29

hexamethonium and mecamylamine

Front 30

D-turbourarine charac

Back 30

-non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers
-small doses prevent opening of Na channel

Front 31

succinylcholine charac

Back 31

-persistent depolarization, augmented by AchE inhibitors
-repolarization but desensitized