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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is drug interaction
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The modification of the action of one drug by another drug
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Why is studying drug interactions important
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Because while judicous use of multiple drugs may be benifical to the patient ,adverse drug interactions can be harmfull or reduce the effect of a drug
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What are the three types of drugs likely to precipitate drug interactions
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a) drugs that are highly bound to plasma proteins as they are highly likely to displace other drugs from protein binding sites
b) drugs witch altar (stimulate or inhibit ) the metabolism of another drug c)Drugs which affect the renal function and alter the reanal clearance of other drugs |
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Name the three most common mechanisms for drug interaction
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a) pharmaceutics
b) pharmacodynamic c)Pharmacokinetic |
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What are pharmaceutical interactions ?
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Phisiochemical interactions either of a drug and intervenous infusion solution or of two drugs in a solution such interactions result in a loss of activity of one of the drugs
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Pharmaceutical interactions make it essential to do what
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Check before adding to infusions or crystalloid or dextrose solutions
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Where inside the body might Pharmaceutical interactions take place
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The lumen of the gut
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what are the two types of drugs likely to be interacted with
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a) drugs with a steep dose to response curve
b) drugs which have a low toxic to therapeutic ratio |
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What are pharmacodynamic interactions
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An interaction where a drug alters the effect of another at its site of action either directly or indirectly
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what are the three types of pharmacodynamic interaction?
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a) antagonism at the same site
b) synergism at the same site c) summation or synergism of similar effects at different sites |
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What is a pharmakinetic interaction>
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where a drugs absorbtion distribution or elimination is altered by another drug ?
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What might the effect of drugs that chelates metals on the absorption of calcium, magnesium or iron containing compounds
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Reduced
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What is the result of of the displacement of one drug from another at a protein binding site?
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an increase in the circulation concentration of the unbound(free-Drug) and thus an increase in effect
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List three common drugs which displace drugs at the protein binding site
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a)salictylates
b) sulphonamides c)phenylbutazone |
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What else can cause a decreased binding to protein site
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Disease states such as hypoproteinaemia
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What is the result of the displacement of Phenytoin by phenylbutazone
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Phenytoin toxicity
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What is the result of the displacement of warfarin by clofibrate
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haemorrhage
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What is the result of the displacement of Tolbutamide
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hypoglycaemia
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give an example of uptake inhibition
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The inhibition of he uptake into adrenergic nerves of bethanidine ,guanethidine and debrisoquine by the trycyclic antibiotics
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What happens when the metabolisim of one drug is increased by another drug
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The conc of drug in the blood drops and so dose its effect and duration of its effect
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What dose and increase of drug metabolisim often cause an increase in ?
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Endoplasmic reticulim in hepatocytes
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What things in the diet might decrease the absorbtion of a drug
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food in the stomach and dietary calcium
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What in the diet might destroy the coating of a drug ?
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Acidic drinks/food
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What vitamin can decrease the effectiveness of some anticoagulant medications?
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Vit K
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What effect can sibutamine have on the appetite
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Decrease it
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What effect does orlistat hace on the absorption of fat ?
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decrease it
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What effect might laxatives have on nutritional absorption ?
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Decrease it
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What effect can antacids have in electrolyte absorption?
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Decrease it
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What effect can anticonvulsants have on folate absorbtion
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decrease it
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What effect can antibiotics have on the production of Vitamin K
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decrease it
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what effect can contraceptives have on the conc. of Vit B6 and folate in the body ?
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decrease it
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What drugs can increase the loss of nutrients
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Diuretics and aspirin
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