Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is a mucolytic
|
break up mucus
|
|
|
what is a proteolytic
|
breaks up pussy mucus
(not adminstered anymore) |
|
|
what is a mucokinetics
|
moves mucus
|
|
|
what is a wetting agent
|
decrease viscosity of mucus, thin
|
|
|
what is a surface active
|
detergents, decrease surface tension
|
|
|
what is mucus composed of
|
water, glycoproteins, DNA and lipoprotiens
|
|
|
What is the generic name for Mucomyst** Indictaions** Contraindictaions** Side effects** Action
|
(Acetylcystiene)
Indications- thick mucoid or purlent secretions Contraidincations- Pt has aalergies to eggs, sulfur, or the drug itself Side Effects- N.V., bronchospams, irritaions of mucosa ACtion- breka the sulfue biniding strtcutre to break strands and thin mucus |
|
|
What is the does of Acetylcysteine
|
Strength 10% or 20%
2-5 ml of the 20% Q 4-6 via nebulizer |
|
|
What is the most impot things about adminstering acetylcysteine
|
Should adminster with a bronchodilator
|
|
|
Sodium Bicarbonate is an excellent mucolytic tx for who?
|
infants in nursery
|
|
|
What are the indications, contraindication, side effects, action of sodium bicarbonate?
|
Indications- to tx tenacious secretions
Contraindications- if resp. tract becomes to alkaine it can be irritaing to the mucosa. NO side effects, Action- Inc. in pH of mucus causing it to thin |
|
|
Pulmozyme (generic)..?
Indications? Contraindications Side effects? Action? |
Indications- CF, to reduce resp infections, thin secretions
Contr- hypersisnity to dornase Side effects- Pharyngitis, chest pain Action- hydrolyzes the DNA in sputum of CF pt. |
|
|
What are some examples of a proteolytic
|
clot dissolving drugs"steptokinase"
TPA |
|
|
What are the 4 types of wetting agents
|
water
saline solutions surface active agents ethanol or ehtyl alcohlol |
|
|
What is the normal & of NSS. NaCL
|
0.9%
|
|
|
WHat is a exmaple of a surface active agent
|
Artifical Surfactnts - infrasurf
|
|
|
what is ethanol used for
|
rare but used to decrease S.T. for foaming and pulmonary edema
|
|
|
What is expectorants thought to do
|
to have a soothing effect by thinning secretions. Increase mucous production
|
|
|
what are steroids that can be given by IPPB, small vol nebulizer or MDI
|
Glucocortiocids
|
|
|
What are the 3 pharmacolgic actions of corticosteroids
|
Some broncholdilating is B2, ay cause an increase in AMP levels
ANti-inflammatory- decrease inflammation Immunosuprressive |
|
|
What is the indications and contraindications of Cortciosteriods
|
indications- bronchospams or pulmonary inflammation
Contra- peptic ulces, Dm, CHF |
|
|
What are the side effects of corticosteriods
|
general systemic
elvate glucos, atropy of peripheral mucsle, water rention, inc in BP, Cushing effect, immunopsupression, adrenal supression. Candidasis albicnas in the mouth |
|
|
What is the generic of Decadron
|
Dexamethasone
|
|
|
what is the generic to Vanceril or Beclovent
|
Beclomethasone
|
|
|
What is the generic for Aerobid
|
Flunisolide
|
|
|
What is the generic for Azmacort
|
Triamcinolone
|
|
|
What is the generic for Flovent
|
Fluticasone
|
|
|
What is the generic for Pulmicort
|
Budesonide
|
|
|
what are some impt facts about systemic vs inhaltion admin
|
have little systemic absorption.
Pt with DM may need insulin inc. Pts on daily use need I/O monitored, May bruise easily b/c of connective tissue lost. |
|
|
What are th 4 mechanisms of action of antibiotics
|
inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of cell membrane fxn. inhibition of protien syntheis, inhibit nuclei acid sysnthesis
|
|
|
What is a broad specturm drug
examples |
wide range of gram + and -
amoxicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin |
|
|
What is narrow spectrum drug
|
more specific or particluar type
|
|
|
How are most antibiotcis formed
|
mold, fungal, bacteria and others
|
|
|
What is the modes of action for PCN and Resistance
|
mode of action- inhbit an ezyme involved in syntheisizing cell wall structure
Resistance- certian bacteria strains breakdown PCN |
|
|
what is the most commonly used B-lactam
|
cephalosporins
|
|
|
how are cepahlsproins derived
|
from fungus
|
|
|
what is the mode of action of cephalosporins
|
inhibit cell wall synthesis
|
|
|
what are the 3 generations of cephalosporins
|
cephalothin, cefaclor, cefotaxime
increase effectiveness gainist gram - |
|
|
monobactams and carbapenems are resistant to what
|
beta lactamase
|
|
|
what are aminoglycosides
|
formed from fungus streptomyces-- structure consists of animo sugars with glycosidic linkages
|
|
|
what is the mode of action for aminoglycosides
|
prevents and distorts bacterial protein synthesis
|
|
|
What is the class of aminoglycosides narrow or broad and what does it tx
|
broad spectrum, gram - pseudomonas, TB in inhalation form to tx CF
|
|
|
What are some example of Aminoglycosides
|
streptomycin
gentamycin kanamycin tobramycin |
|
|
What is the mode of action of tetracyclines
|
bacteriostatic or cidal
interfers with bacterial protein synthesis gram - or + |
|
|
What are some common uses of tetracyclines
|
resp tarct infections, acquired pneumonia caused by typical and atypical pneumonia
|
|
|
which antibiotic is used to tx MSRA but can cause VRE
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
which antibiotic can cause aplastic anemia
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
what antibiotic can be either static or cidal and is used to treat pneumocoaal pneumonia or legionella disease
|
Erythromycin
|
|
|
Which antibiotcis can be given parenteral or aerolized and is affective against pseudomonas and other gram - organisms
|
Polymyxin B
|
|
|
What antibiotic is most common around trachea sites and is used to treat beacterial infections
|
Bacitracin
|
|
|
which antiobiotic inhibits pneumococci and streptococci and can also cause c-diff
|
Clindamycin
|
|
|
Which antiobiotic can be used against an anaerobic infection & protozoa and is also used to treat c-diff or can cause it
|
Metronidazole
|
|
|
Which antiobiotic treast beacterial production againts legionaries or H Influenza gram - and is semisyntheic
|
Ciprofloxacin Quinolones
|
|
|
Which antiobiotic is the oldest PCN and is bacteriostatic prevents the use of PABA TX UTIS, ear infections
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
|
Which antiobiotic is used to Tx/Prevent P Carinii
|
Pentamidine Isethionate (Pentam) Antiprotozoal
|
|
|
How is Pentam usually adminstered
|
Im, IV, or aerosolized
|
|
|
When treating Tb a cocktail of drugs are u sed for 6-9 months what drugs are possiblly used
|
Isoniazed INH- Rifampin- Ethambutol--Prazinamide-
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of candida albicnans that can occue in the body
|
yeast infection and Thrush
|
|
|
What are so antifungal agents
|
Amphotericin B
Nystatin Griseofulvin Flucytosine Ketoconozole Fluconazole |
|
|
Ribaviron (virazole) is adminstered to the pt how
|
by a spag- inhalant
|
|
|
what is the indicated uses for ribaviron
|
RSV- may be effecitve against influenza A & B experimeting tx with HIV
|
|
|
What are the contraindictaions of Ribaviron
|
Preganancy
|
|
|
What is the side effect and action of Ribavirion
|
dyspnea
belived to inhibt biral DNA, RNA formation for function |
|
|
How long on Ribaviron adminstered
|
over 12 hours
|
|
|
what is the pro of aerolozing anti-infectives
|
minimizes side effects when delivered to the lungs
|
|
|
What is the an impt thing to remeber when aerolizing an anti-infective
|
more dillute forms are meant for Iv, or direct injection
|
|
|
What are the twp major cells present in an asthma attack
|
mast cells and eosinophils
|
|
|
What is the difference between static and cidal
|
cidal= killing
static= inhibits |
