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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the danger of giving Atropine for an eye exam?
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Causes blockage of the canal of schlemm thereby increasing IO pressure in narrow angle glaucoma patients.
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What anti - muscarinic can be given to Tx children with over active bladders?
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Atropine.
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What are the responses of the heart by atropine given at a
a) high dose b) low dose |
a) tachycardia
b) bradycardia |
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What Rx is given to Tx atropine toxicity?
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physostigmine
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What are the two key uses of Scopolamine?
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1) motion sickness
2) production of short term amnesia |
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What anti - muscarinic Rx is used to Tx COPD?
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Ipratropium.
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What anti - muscarinic has the same clinical uses as atropine but a shorter half - life?
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Tropicamide.
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What are two indications for the use of neuromuscular blockers?
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1) complete muscle relaxation for surgery.
2) intabation tube placement. |
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What is the moa of diazepam?
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It binds to GABA receptors therefore leading to hyperpolarization.
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What is the MOA of dantroline?
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Blocks the release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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What is the negative effect of high doses on anasthetics?
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respiratory and cardiac depression.
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What 3 Rx's can you use to counteract the effects of a low dose of tubocurarine?
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neostigmine
pyridostigmine edrophonium |
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What are the first muscles to be effected by an NMJ blocker?
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small muscles of the face and eye.
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What is the last muscle to be effected by an NMJ blocker?
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diaphragm
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tubocurarine, mivacurium atracurium all release a NT that causes decrease bp, flushing and bronchoconstriction. What is the NT?
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Histamine.
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How are most NMJ blockers metabolized?
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They aren't. They are secreted in the urine unchanged.
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Where is Atracurium metabolized?
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In the plasma spontaneously.
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What is the dangerous by-product of Atracurium metabolism?
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Laudanosine (produces seizures)
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What effect to halogenated hydrocarbons (eg. halothane) effect the action of NMJ blockers?
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The have an additive effect by sensitizing the NMJ to the blockers.
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What are the effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the action of NMJ blockers?
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They synergize with it because they inhibit the release of Ach via competing for the Ca R's.
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What Rx leads to the initial depolarization of the membrane followed by desensitization of the Ach R?
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Succinycholine.
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What is an indication for the use of succinylcholine?
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When rapid endotrachial intubation is required to avoid aspiration of gastric contents.
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What are 3 adverse effects of succinylcholine?
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1)Hyperthermia
2) Apnea 3) hyperkalemia. |
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What Rx is used to Tx the hyperthermia caused by Succinylcholine?
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Dantrolene (Ca channel blocker therefore reduces heat production within the muscle).
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What is the indication of use for mecamylamine?
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Emergency situation in which BP must be lowered.
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