Pharmacology Chapters 1-5

Front 1

Adrenergic Drugs:

______: Cardiac Arrest, Local Anesthetic, Anaphylaxis, Acute Asthmatic Attacks

Back 1

Epinephrine

Front 2

(ANS) Sympathetic:

Heart: ______ ______ & _____ _____
Lung: ______ ______ ______
Stomach: _______ _______
Small Intestine: _______ ______

Back 2

Heart Rate & Force Increased; Bronchial Muscle Relaxed; Peristalsis Reduced; Motility Reduced

Front 3

ANS (SANS):

Motility Reduced: ______ ______
Increased glycogen to glucose: ______
Decrease urine secretion: _______

Back 3

Large Intestine, Liver, Kidney

Front 4

Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents:

_____ ______: cause vasoconstrictor
_____ ______: decrease total peripheral resistance which decreases blood pressure
The _____ _____ then detects this & increases the heart rate.

Back 4

Alpha Adrenergics, Alpha Blockers, Vagal Nerve

Front 5

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents:

_____: (Heart Medication) (Alpha Blocker)

______: Blocks both B1 & B2 receptors

______: Stimulates heart, increases rate & strength

Back 5

Propranolol, Nonspecific blocking agent, B1

Front 6

Adrenergic Drugs:

______: B-receptor; Asthma

Back 6

Isoproterenol

Front 7

Adrenergic Drugs:

________: Anesthetic Vasoconstrictor

Back 7

Levonordefrin
(Neo-cobefrin)

Front 8

Acetylcholine is the mediator in the Parasympathetic (PANS) Nervous System:

The action potential travels down the nerve & causes release of Acetylcholine into the ______ _____.

The action potential then travels on the ______ ______ ______.

______ ______ inactivates the Acetylcholine (stops the action potential)

Back 8

Synaptic Cleft,
Post Synaptic Tissue,
Acetylcholinesterase

Front 9

DEA

Regulate ______ & ______ of substances that have potential to be abused.

Back 9

Manufacturing & Distribution

Front 10

FTC

Regulates the _____ _____ of companies.

Regulates false ______ of food, ________ & ________

Back 10

trade practices;
advertising, non-prescription drugs & cosmetics

Front 11

Pharmacological Effects of Sympathetic (adrenergic) Drugs:

Cardio Vessels

Alpha-
Beta-
Drug-

Back 11

Alpha- Vasoconstrict in skin & mucosa
Beta- Vasodilation
Drug-N/A

Front 12

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents:

______: decreases heart rate & strength

______: Vasodilation & Bronchodilation (Breathe Easier)

______: Harder to breathe because bronchiole constriction

Back 12

B1 Blocker;
B2;
B2 Blocker

Front 13

Anticholinergic Parasympathetic Drugs:

* Block the receptor site so that ______ can not bind to it.

Back 13

Acetylcholine

Front 14

-Controls many organs & muscles
-Most of the time we are not aware of its function
-It is involuntary & reflexive

Back 14

The Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS)

Front 15

(SANS)

Block the action of the neurotransmitter of the alpha receptor

Back 15

Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

Front 16

1st Pass

______-->______-->______

Back 16

Ingest--> Stomach--> Liver

Front 17

Enteral Route of Administration:

Disadvantages:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Back 17

1. GI upset, nausea, vomit
2. Intestinal irritation
3. Inactivation by enzymes secreted in stomach & intestine
4. Absorption can vary depending upon food in stomach
5. Pt. cooperation necessary
6. Inactivation of drug in liver=1st pass

Front 18

Adrenergic (SAN) Drugs:

_____: Acts on Alpha & Beta receptors (predominately Beta)

Back 18

Epinephrine

Front 19

Adrenergic Drugs:

______: Glaucoma

Back 19

Dipivefrin

Front 20

ANS Regulates:

_____, ______ & ______

Back 20

Smooth muscles, Cardiac Muscles & Glands

Front 21

2 Drugs have the same chemical & physical standards

Back 21

Chemically Equivalent

Front 22

2 Drugs produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood & tissue.

Back 22

Biologically Equivalent

Front 23

Reactions that cause destruction of blood cells.

Back 23

Type 2 Drug Allergies

Front 24

Increase the rate & contraction of the heart.

Back 24

Beat 1 Receptors

Front 25

(PAN)

_____ fibers are long, the neurotransmitter is acetycholine

Back 25

Preganglionic

Front 26

(PAN)

____ fibers are short, the neurotransmitter is acetycholine

Back 26

Postganglionic

Front 27

Prescription must include:
1. Date, patient name, address, age
2. Drug name, dose, strength, number of tabs to be dispensed, # of refills
3. Dentist must _____
4. DEA # & DDS address must be on form
5. Sched II narcotic-no call in. no refill
6. Notation in pt. chart of medication prescribed, amount, directions, underlined

Back 27

Sign

Front 28

(SANS)

_____: Block Beta Receptors

Back 28

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

Front 29

Uses of sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Bronchodilation-
Treatment of _____ & _____
Watch in hours w/ epi

Back 29

Asthma & Emphysema

Front 30

Injections:

_____: placed in the muscle mass (tetanus)
_____: placed in the fatty layer (insulin)
_____: administered into the epidermis or outer layer (TB, local anesthetic)

Back 30

Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, Intradermal

Front 31

Pharmacological effects of Anticholinergic parasympathetic drugs:

CNS= Low Doses= _______
CNS= High Doses=_______

Exocrine Glands:
( ______, _______, ______ )

-Reduction in flow & ______ of secretion

Back 31

Low- Sedation
High- Agitation

(Respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary)

Volume

Front 32

Stimulates smooth muscle contraction of blood vessels which causes vasoconstriction

Back 32

Alpha Receptors

Front 33

Adrenergic (SAN) Drugs:

______: acts on beta receptors, find in local anesthetic

______: acts on alpha receptors

Back 33

Isoproterenol, Norepinephrine

Front 34

ANS regulates smooth muscle:

Smooth Muscles:
*In skin (around hair follicles)
*Around ______ ______
*In the iris of the eye
*In the ______, ______ & ______

Back 34

Blood vessels; Stomach, intestines & Bladder

Front 35

ANS (SANS)

* ______: Norepinephrine, epinephrine, secreted

______: wall relaxed, sphincter closed.

Back 35

Adrenal Medulla, Bladder

Front 36

Adrenergic Drugs:

______: OTC cold & allergy
Asthma
OTC diet pills

Back 36

Ephedrine/ Pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

Front 37

(SANS)

Constricts blood vessels at site of injection
A) Anesthetic stays at site longer
B) Prolongs Anesthetic
C) Prevents Toxin RXN

Back 37

Isoproterenol

Front 38

A TI More than 10= a _____ _____
A TI Less than 10= a _____ _____

Back 38

Useful Drug

Lethal Dose

Front 39

The drug causes birth defects- ______

ex. _______

Back 39

Tetratogenic effect, Ex. Thalidomide

Front 40

an immunological response resulting in a rash or anaphylaxis. It is neither dose related or predictable.

Back 40

Allergic Reactions

Front 41

Reactions characterized by skin eruptions, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, fever

Back 41

Type 3 Drug Allergies

Front 42

"Delayed" reactions hypersensitivity (the bodies normal disease fighting mechanisms are activated-contact dermatitis.)

Back 42

Type 4 Drug Allergy

Front 43

How long the drug is in our system

Back 43

1/2 Life

Front 44

Length of time we notice the effect of the drug

Back 44

Duration

Front 45

If you administer more of the drug, you will not increase the effect, but may create an _____ _____ instead.

Back 45

Adverse Reaction

Front 46

Xylocaine, Octocaine, Coke, Lorcet

Back 46

Trade Names

Front 47

lidocaine, cola, dizepan, thalidomide, hydrocodone

Back 47

Generic Names

Front 48

Good References Include:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 48

1. PDR ( Physicians Desk Reference)
2. Drug information handbook for dentistry-Mosby
3. Computer programs
4. The pharmacist

Front 49

Trade Name Characteristics:
1.
2.
3.

Back 49

1. Given by the company that developed it
2. Owned by that company for 17 years
3. Always capitalized

Front 50

Generic Name Characteristics:
1.
2.
3.

Back 50

1. The official name given by the U.S. adopted name council
2. Never Capitalized
3. Only 1 name

Front 51

How long the drug is in our system

Back 51

1/2 Life

Front 52

Length of time we notice the effect of the drug

Back 52

Duration

Front 53

If you administer more of the drug, you will not increase the effect, but may create an _____ _____ instead.

Back 53

Adverse Reaction

Front 54

Xylocaine, Octocaine, Coke, Lorcet

Back 54

Trade Names

Front 55

lidocaine, cola, dizepan, thalidomide, hydrocodone

Back 55

Generic Names

Front 56

Tells the manufacturer what can be marketed in the U.S.

Determines what drugs are OTC or by prescription

Back 56

FDA
(Food & Drug Administration)

Front 57

Good References Include:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 57

1. PDR ( Physicians Desk Reference)
2. Drug information handbook for dentistry-Mosby
3. Computer programs
4. The pharmacist

Front 58

Trade Name Characteristics:
1.
2.
3.

Back 58

1. Given by the company that developed it
2. Owned by that company for 17 years
3. Always capitalized

Front 59

Generic Name Characteristics:
1.
2.
3.

Back 59

1. The official name given by the U.S. adopted name council
2. Never Capitalized
3. Only 1 name

Front 60

3 Agencies Regulate Drugs:

1.
2.
3.

Back 60

1. FDA ( Food & Drug Administration)
2. DEA ( Drug Enforcement Agency)
3. FTC ( Federal Trade Commission)

Front 61

The Dentist must register with the _____.

Back 61

DEA

Front 62

To prescribe a dentist must have a _____, ______ & ______.

Back 62

A current & Valid state license, A DEA # & a state controlled substance license

Front 63

2 drugs may be chemically equal but may not be ______ or _____ the same

Back 63

biologically or therapeutically

Front 64

______: the dose of the drug required to produce a specific effect in 50% of the population

Back 64

ED50

Front 65

A _____ED50 means the drug is very potent.

1oz. of Bourbon,= 12 oz of beer= 16oz of wine cooler

Back 65

Low

Front 66

LD50= _____ _____

Back 66

Mortality Rate

Front 67

Adrenergic drugs activate (SANS):

______ -Stimulate the heart
=Increased rate & strength of contractions

Back 67

Beta 1

Front 68

(SAN)

Epinephrine, norepinephrine & isoproterenol work directly on the receptor site by simulating it

Back 68

Direct Acting

Front 69

Uses of sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Vasoconstrictors:
Agents w/ _____ effects are added to LA to prolong effect
Homeostasis (Watch additive value w/ retraction cord)

Back 69

Alpha

Front 70

Uses of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Vasoconstrictors:
_______: Constrict vessels & reduce swelling of mucous membranes.

" ______ ______ "

Back 70

decongestants,
"Rebound Congestion"

Front 71

(SANS)

The synapse in the sympathetic preganglionic (preganglion) uses ______ as a neurotransmitter.

Back 71

acetylcholine

Front 72

Enteral Route of Administration:

Advantages:
1.
2.
3.

Back 72

1. Safe
2. Inexpensive
3. Convenient

Front 73

ANS Sympathetic:

Iris (Eye Muscle) : _____ ______
Salivary Glands: ______ ______
Oral/Nasal Mucosa: ______ ______ ______

Back 73

Pupil Dilation, Production Reduced, Mucous Production Reduced

Front 74

(SANS)

The major neurotransmitter released in the SANS is _______

Back 74

Norepinephrine

Front 75

Rapid, immediate, predictable

Back 75

IV

Front 76

The ______ is the maximum effect or response that can be produced by a drug.

Back 76

Efficacy

Front 77

A _____ ______ is clinically desirable
An ______ ______ is undesirable

Back 77

Therapeutic Effect, Adverse Reaction

Front 78

The desired effect is excessive, predictable & dose related. The action is produced on the targeted organ.

Back 78

Toxic

Front 79

Type 1:

In extreme reactions, you have _______, the patient's blood pressure drops suddenly, the bronchial tubes spasm, the throat swells & the heart will change rhythm.

Back 79

Anaphylaxis

Front 80

The drug acts upon a non-targeted organ to produce undesirable effects. It is dose related & predictable

Back 80

Side Effect

Front 81

Type 1:

_______ ________ are life threatening

Back 81

Anaphylactic Reactions

Front 82

Administration:

_______: oral or rectal
-(Absorption is through tissue membranes). intestine or mucous membranes.
-The drug is absorbed over a long period of time & over a large area & has a longer onset of effect.

Back 82

Enteral

Front 83

By passes the gastrointestinal tract.
Placed directly into the blood stream.
IV, Injection, inhalation, topical

Back 83

Parenteral

Front 84

When a drug is administered orally (Enterally) it initially passes through the liver hepatic portal system where some of the drug is inactivated. The rest of the drug is then sent back through the blood stream, so less of the drug is available.

Back 84

1st Pass

Front 85

FDA

Regulates _____ & ______
Regulates ________

Back 85

labels & advertising, quality of the drug

Front 86

Adrenergic Drugs:

_______: produces vasoconstriction used in nose spray

Back 86

Phenylephrine

Front 87

The drug used to treat erostomia, Glaucoma

Side effects: Sweating, nausea, chills, flushing

5mg tablet tid

Back 87

Direct Action PANS

Pilocarpine

Front 88

Anticholinergic Parasympathetic drug used in dentistry.

* _______

Administered _____ to _____ hours before treatment

Back 88

Atropine;

Administer 1-2 hours before treatment

Front 89

Anticholinergic Parasympathetic Drug:

______= to reduce saliva
______= Motion Sickness

Back 89

Atropine, Scopolamine

Front 90

Parasympathetic Nervous System "Digest & Rest"

Located in the _______

Located in the Medulla Cranial Nerves _______

Back 90

Sacral; III, VII, IX, X

Front 91

Relaxes smooth muscle of the lungs causing dilation of the bronchioles.

Back 91

Beta 2 Receptors

Front 92

Beta 1 Blockers Produce: _______
Beta 2 Blockers Produce: _______

Back 92

Bradycardia; Bronchoconstriction

Front 93

Which Drug Is Not Sympathetic:

A. Ritalin
B. Sudafed
C. Methamphetamine
D. Scopolamine

Back 93

D. Scopolamine

Front 94

Adverse reactions of cholinergic parasympathetic drugs result from large doses.

SLUD
Increase amounts- Paralysis
Toxic - ______, _______

Back 94

S- Increase Salvation
L- Lacrimation
U- Urination
D- Defecation

Confusion, hallucinations

Front 95

The sympathetic nervous system

" _______ & _______ "

Back 95

Fright & Futanlight

Front 96

The Study of Drugs: ________
A ______ is defined as any chemical substance that affects a biological system.

Back 96

Pharmacology, Drug

Front 97

(SANS)

Originates in the ______ & _____ region of the spinal cord

Back 97

Thoracic & Lumbar

Front 98

Types of Parenteral Routes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Back 98

1. IV
2. Injections
3. Intramuscular
4. Subcutaneous
5. Intradermal
6. Inhalation
7. Topical


-Intramuscular, Subcutaneous & Intradermal are injections

Front 99

Vaginal, eye, oral mucosa, nasal

Back 99

Topical

Front 100

How long before we notice the effect of the drug

Back 100

Onset

Front 101

Used to treat Myartesmias gravis (Reversible)

Back 101

Neostigmine

Front 102

Adrenergic (SA) Drugs Include:

______, ______ & _______

Back 102

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine & Isoproterenol

Front 103

(SAN)

These drugs release norepinephrine which produces a response

Back 103

Indirect Acting

Front 104

(SANS) Adverse Reactions

Heart beats really fast, they get hot & have to go to hospital.

Back 104

Hyperthyroid Storm

Front 105

Adrenergic Agonist (Enhance the receptor site)

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Dextroamphentamine (Dexedrine)

Back 105

ADD

Front 106

Uses of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Cardiac:
-Treatment of shock= _______
Blood Pressure
-Treat cardiac Arrest

Back 106

Increase

Front 107

Adverse Reaction of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 107

1. Anxiety
2. Tremor
3. Palpation
4. Arrhythmia

Front 108

The Pharmacist must provide counseling & drug utilization review for patients.

Back 108

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

Front 109

How long before we notice the effect of the drug

Back 109

Onset

Front 110

Used to treat Myartesmias gravis (Reversible)

Back 110

Neostigmine

Front 111

Adrenergic (SA) Drugs Include:

______, ______ & _______

Back 111

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine & Isoproterenol

Front 112

(SAN)

These drugs release norepinephrine which produces a response

Back 112

Indirect Acting

Front 113

(SANS) Adverse Reactions

Heart beats really fast, they get hot & have to go to hospital.

Back 113

Hyperthyroid Storm

Front 114

Adrenergic Agonist (Enhance the receptor site)

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Dextroamphentamine (Dexedrine)

Back 114

ADD

Front 115

Adrenergic Agonist (enhance the receptor site)

Fenfluramine (FenFen)
Fenteramine ( Fastin)
Propanolameen (Dexatrim)

Back 115

Diet Pills

Front 116

Uses of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Cardiac:
-Treatment of shock= _______
Blood Pressure
-Treat cardiac Arrest

Back 116

Increase

Front 117

Adverse Reaction of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 117

1. Anxiety
2. Tremor
3. Palpation
4. Arrhythmia

Front 118

The Pharmacist must provide counseling & drug utilization review for patients.

Back 118

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

Front 119

Pregnancy Categories of Drugs

_____< B <______<______<______

Back 119

A, B, C, D, X

Front 120

Passage of the drug
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Back 120

1. Route of Administration
2. Passage across the body membranes, is is lipid soluble?
3. Absorption
4. Distribution, 1/2 life
5. Molecular mechanism of action
6. Metabolism
7. Excretion, Kidney, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, tears, sweat, milk

Front 121

Pharmacological Effects of sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

Cardio
Heart

Alpha-
Beta-
Drug-

Back 121

Alpha-Increased Force & Rate
Beta- Increased Force & Rate
Drug-Epinephrine

Front 122

(SANS)

The synapse of the postganglionic neuron with the target organ uses the neurotransmitter called ______.

Back 122

Norepinephrine

Front 123

(SANS)

______ is released from the adrenal medulla when it is stimulated

Back 123

Epinephrine

Front 124

Parental Route of Administration:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Back 124

1. Fast Absorption
2. Rapid Onset
3. Predictable Response
4. Good for Emergencies
5. Good for Unconscious
6. Good for Uncooperative
7. Good if Nauseated

Front 125

Parenteral Route of Administration Disadvantages:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 125

1. Painful Administration
2. Self Medication is difficult
3. Intravascular injection can occur by accident
4. Can't retrieve the drug once administered

Front 126

Adrenergic Drugs activate either alpha or beta receptors (SANS):

1. Alpha receptors-Stimulate smooth muscle
-Cause smooth muscle contraction which causes vasoconstriction
-Receptors are located in ______ & ______ ______

Back 126

Skim & Skeletal Muscle

Front 127

(SAN)

The receptor is either stimulated directly or releases norepinephrine to cause an effect

Back 127

Mixed Action

Front 128

Pharmacological Effects of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Blood Pressure:

Alpha:
Beta:
Drug:

Back 128

Alpha: Generally Increase
Beta: Generally Increase
Drug: N/A

Front 129

Pharmacological Effects of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Respiration:

Alpha:
Beta:
Drug:

Back 129

Alpha: N/A
Beta: Relax Bronchioles
Drug: Used for asthma & anaphylaxis

Front 130

Pharmacological Effects of ;
Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Salivary GI submax subling:

Alpha:
Beta:
Drug:

Back 130

Alpha: Secrete Mucus
Beta: Secrete Mucus
Drug: N/A

Front 131

Factors that influence drug administration:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Back 131

1. Compliance
2. Tolerance
3. Pathological States
4. Time of Administration
5. Route
6. Weight
7. Age

Front 132

Used to treat reactions caused by atropine, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants & antihistamines, drug overdose

Back 132

Physotigmine

Front 133

The response produced dilation of the blood vessels, swelling of the extremities, the lining of the trachea & itchy rashes of the skin

Back 133

Type 1 Allergic Reaction

Front 134

Type 1:

Drugs known to cause anaphylaxis
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 134

1. Penicillin
2. Local Anesthetic
3. Latex
4. Aspirin

Front 135

Adrenergic drugs activate (SAN)

______: inhibit smooth muscle (relaxed)
-Vasodilation of blood vessels & bronchodilation in lungs.
ex. Asthma patients, anaphylaxis

Back 135

Beta 2

Front 136

Harrison Narcotic Act:

______-Regulation of opium & cocaine

______-Marijuana was added

Back 136

1914, 1937

Front 137

(SANS)

Preganglionic Nerves are ________.
Postganglionic Nerves are _______ & target a muscle or a gland.

Back 137

Short, Long

Front 138

(SANS)

Adrenergic Blocking Agents

______ total peripheral resistance

______ blood pressure

Back 138

Decrease, decrease

Front 139

Uses of sympathetic (adrenergic) Drugs:

CNS- " _______ _______ ______". diet pills, ________

Back 139

" Amphetamine like effects," diet pills, ADD

Front 140

2 drugs produce the same effect

Back 140

Therapeutically equivalent

Front 141

Pharmacological effects of parasympathetic cholinergic drugs:

Cardiovascular:
Both indirect & direct actions
*the effect is determine by which drug has the ______ ______.

In general:
* ________
*Decrease _______ _______
*Decrease _______ _______

Back 141

Highest concentration

*Bradycardia
*Decrease in blood pressure
*Decrease in cardiac output

Front 142

Pharmacological Effects of Sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs

Parotid:

Alpha:
Beta:
Drug:

Back 142

Alpha-No symp. innervation, only para-often produces Xerostomia

Front 143

The ______ of the drug: How much drug is required to produce an effect?

Back 143

Potency

Front 144

Adverse reactions of sympathetic (Adrenergic) Drugs:

Use w/ Caution in patients w/
1.
2.
3.

Back 144

1. Angina
2. Hypertension
3. Hyperthyroidism

Front 145

Uses of anticholinergic parasympathetic drugs:

-Reduce ______-______ ______ in patients using psych drugs

- _______ ______-to dry the mouth during dental treatment

Back 145

Parkinson-like tremors;
Motion Sickness

Front 146

Writing a prescription:

h=
hs=
P w/ line over it=
pc=
po=
prn=
q=
qid=
s w/ line over it=
sig=

Back 146

h= hour
hs=at bedtime
p with line over it= after
pc= after meals
po= by mouth
prn= as required, as needed
q= every
qid= 4 times a day
s with a line over it= w/o
sig= Write (label)

Front 147

Writing a Prescription:

a or a with a line over it=
ac=
bid=
c with a line over it=
cap=
d=
disp=
gm=
gr=
gtt=

Back 147

a or a with a line over it= before
ac= before meals
bid= twice a day
c with a line over it= with
cap= capsule
d= day
disp= dispense
gm=gram
gr=grain
gtt= drop

Front 148

Uses of indirect action cholingeric parasympathetic drugs:

indirect acting cholingeric drugs are _____ ______

Can reverse indirect cholingeric drugs_______

Back 148

Cholinesterase inhibitors; physotigmine

Front 149

Adverse reactions of anticholingeric parasympathetic drugs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

seen when additive w/ other anticholingeric drugs

Back 149

1. Blurred vision
2. Xerostomia
3. Phtophobia
4. Tachycardia
5. Hot, dry flushed skin
6. Lack of sweating

Front 150

Contraindications to use of anticholingeric parasympathetic drugs:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Back 150

1. Glaucoma
2. Constipation
3. Urinary Retention
4. Cardiovascular disease
5. Bronchial Asthma
6. Hyperthyroidism

Front 151

(SANS)

Adrenergic Drugs

-Cause _______
used to treat _______ & _______
added to LA to prolong its action

Back 151

Vasoconstriction

Anaphylaxis & Asthma

Front 152

Uses of direct action cholingeric parasympathetic drugs:
1.
2.
3.

Back 152

1. Glaucoma- Decrease pressure in ey
2. Urinary retention that occurs after surgery increase urination
3. Xerostomia

Front 153

Cholinergics can be classified by their mechanism of action

_____ _____: acetycholine acts upon a receptor.

_____ _____: releases a neurotransmitter that inhibits cholinesterase, so the acetycholine builds up, the concentration of Acetylcholine increases.

Back 153

Direct action; Indirect Acting

Front 154

Writing a Prescription:

SS with a line over it=
stat=
tab=
tid=
ud=

Back 154

SS with a line over it= 1/2
stat= immediately
tab- tablet
tid=3 times a day
ud= as directed

Front 155

Pharmacological Effects of cholingeric Parasympathetic drugs:

Gastrointestinal:
increased ______, _______ & ______ excites smooth muscle

Eye:
Produce ________
Good for ______ because interocular pressure is decreased

Back 155

Motility, secreation & activity

produce miosis (constriction)

Glaucoma

Front 156

Adverse Reaction

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Back 156

1. Toxic
2. Side Effect
3. Teratogenic Effect
4. Interference w/ natural defenses
5. Allergic Reactions

Front 157

Uses of Anticholinergic Parasympathetic Drugs:

_____ _____: to inhibit secretion of saliva & bronchial mucus.

Block the _____ ______

______ ______: Gastric ulcers- decreases secretion, Diarrhea, Hyper motility of the colon.

Back 157

Preoperative meds, Vagal nerve, gastrointestinal disorders

Front 158

Pharmacological effects of anticholingeric drugs:

* Smooth muscle

-Relax the respiratory smooth muscle= _____ _____ (______)

-Relax gastrointestinal smooth muscle

-Cardiovascular

-Block the ______ _____= tachycardia

Back 158

bronchiole dilation (asthma); vagal nerve

Front 159

Absorbed through the pulmonary endothelium

Back 159

Inhalation

Front 160

Pharmacological Effects of Symp. (Adrenergic) Drugs:

CNS:

Alpha:
Beta:
Drug:

Back 160

Alpha: Excites Alert
Beta: Excites Alert
Drug: Amphetamine