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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Unmodifiable risk factors for CAD
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genetic predispositions
age - risk increases with age gender- men are more likely then premenopausal women |
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Modifiable risk factors from CAD
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Gout - Increased uric acid seems to injure vessel walls
Sedentary lifestyle High Stress levels HTN Obesity bacterial infections autoimmune process |
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LDL
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- enter circulation as tightly packed cholesterol, triglycerides and lipids
- optimal level <100 - normal level 100-129 -borderline high 130-159 -high 160-189 - very high > 190 |
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HDL
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- enter circulation as loosely packed lipids that are used for energy
- low <40 - high >60 |
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Total Cholesterol
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normal <200
borderline high 200-239 high - >140 |
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Bile acid sequestrates
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bind with bile acids leading to their excretion in the feces - leads to production of more bile using cholesterol -- lowering cholesterol levels.
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Bile acid sequestrates
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used in primary hypercholesteremia
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Bile acid sequestrates
pharmicokinetics |
excreted in feces
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bile acid sequestrates
contraindications and cautions |
contraindicated
- complete biliary obstruction - abnormal intestinal function - pregnancy and lactation |
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bile acid sequestrates
adverse effects |
headache, anxiety, fatigue, drowsiness, which can be related to change in serum cholesterol; GI irritation, fecal impaction, aggravation of hemorrhoids; increased bleeding times = decreased absorption of vit K, A anf D deficiency (related to decreased absorption on fat soluble vit); rash; muscle aches and pains
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bile acid sequestrates
drug/drug |
absorption of fat soluble vit
decrease or delay the absorption of thiazide diuretics, digoxin, warfarin, thyroid hormones, corticosteroids... take these one hour before of 4-6 hours after |
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bile acid sequestrates
cholestyramine (Questaran) |
- powder that must be mixed with liquids and taken up to 6 times a day
-Indication -primary hypercholesterolemia, pruritus associated with biliary obstruction - Actions - binds to bile acids in the intestine, allowing excretion in the feces instead of re absorption, causing cholesterol to be iodized in the liver and serum cholesterol to fall |
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bile acid sequestrates
colesevelam (Wehchol) |
adjunct therapy with diet and exercise to reduce LDL in pt with familial hypercholecterolemia; may be combined with a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
- tab taken once or twice a day |
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bile acid sequestrates
Colestipol (Colestid) |
Adjunctive treatment if primary hypercholesterolemia;
- available in tab and powder form |
