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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the origins of veterinary pharmacology?
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Early 1700's in Europe
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Pharmaco
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means drug or medicine
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Therapy
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treatment of disease
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Kinetics
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scientific study of motion
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Pharmacokinetics
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study of drug motion which includes absorption, blood levels, distribution, metabolsim, & excretion of drugs
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Dynamics
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effective action
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Pharmacodynamics
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the study of the mechanisms of action of a drug and its biological and physiological effects
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FDA
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Food and Drug Administration
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What did the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 establish?
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established standards for drug strength and purity and guidelins for drug labeling
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What did the FDCA (Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) of 1938 establish?
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requires that a drug be adequately tested to demonstrate its safety when used as label directs ammended in 1972 to include that drug manufacturers specify drug withdrawl periods and and detection methods for determining drug residues in animal foodstuffs
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what does the Center for Veterinary Medicine do?
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it is a branch of the FDA, it ensures that approved veterinary medicines will not harm animals or that the harm a drug produces will be outweighed by the benefits
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VCPR
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veterinary client patient relationship
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extra-label drugs
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drugs used in a manner that is not specifically described on the FDA approved label
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Animal Medical Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA)
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any extra label drug use must be by or on the order of a veterinarian within the context of a VCPR and that the use can't result in drug residues in food producing animals
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OTC (over the counter) drugs
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drugs that don't have a significant potential for toxicity or don't require special administration (may be purchased without a prescription)
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Controlled substances
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drugs considered dangerous because of their potential for human abuse or misuse
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DEA
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drug enforcement agency
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Comprehension Drug Abuse and Control Act of 1970
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classifies a drug into one of five schedules based upon the drug's potential for harm relative to its medical benefit (the higher the schedule the lower the risk of abuse potential)
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Drug Devlopment Step 1:
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Synthesize or discover substance
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Preliminary drug studies
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determine if the drug produces intended effects and possible toxic side affects, may include computer modeling, testing in lab, testing on bacteria or fungi
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Drug Devlopment Step 2:
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Safety Effectiveness evaluation
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Preclinical studies
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determine a drugs safety and effectiveness, may include testing on lab animals, short term and long term tests, special tests that check for immediate drug reaction, reproductive effects, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity
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Drug Devlopment Step 3:
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Submission and review of the New Animal Drug Application to the FDA
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Clinical trials
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tests done on the target species to evaluate safety and effectiveness in that specific species
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Shelf life
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how long a drug remains stable and effective for use
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Drug Devlopment Step 4:
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post marketing surveillance stage (done as long as the drug is manufactured)
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short term tests
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occur in the hours following a test dose
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long term test
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conducted for 3-24 months of repeated dosing
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toxicity evaluation
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done to determine the dose at which a drug induces organ or tissue damage that may result in permanent injury or death
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effective dose
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the amount of the drug that causes a defined effect in 50% of animals that receive it
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Lethal dose
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the amount of the drug that kills 50% of animals that receive it
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therapeutic index (margin of safety) lethal dose/effective dose
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the drug or dose that produces the desired effect with minimal or no signs of toxicity
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