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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is pharmaceutics
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the science of preparing and dispending drugs, including dosage form design
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what is pharmacokinetics
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the rate of drug distribution among body compartments after teh drug has enter the body
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what is pharmacodynamics
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the study of biochemical and physicological interactions of drug at their sites of activity
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what is pharmacotherapeutics
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the tx of pathological conditions through the use drug
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what is pharmacognosy
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the study of drugs that are from plants and animals
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what is toxicology
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the study of poisons
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terms for pharmacokinetics:
Absorption Route Distribution Metabolism Excretion Half-Life Onset, Peak, and Duration |
*site and bloodstream
*how it is given *transport *breaksdown *elimination *1/2 the drug has been used *therapeutic response, max, and how long it was working |
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what is the mechanism of action in living tissue
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Receptor Interaction
Enzyme Interaction Nonspecific Interactions |
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what kinds of implementations can take place
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Acute therapy-intense fast
Maintenance therapy-aspirin Supplemental therapy-iron Palliative Therapy-pain med Supportative Therapy-fluids Prophylactic-prevent |
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what do you monitor in giving drugs
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Therapeutic Index-toxic
Drug Concentration-how much Patient’s Condition-response Tolerance and Dependence-need more or less Interactions Additive, Synergistic, Antagonistic, Incompatibility Drug Misadventures Other Drug Effects |
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what are four main sources of drugs
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plants
animals minerals lab synthesis |
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what are medication errors
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Medications are the most common type of adverse drug events. PREVENTABLE
Check order, Check patient name band twice |
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what are adverse drug reactions
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are caused by factors inside the patient’s body (allergy, idiosyncratic reaction). Not preventable. Study of these problems is called pharmacogenetics.
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what are iatrogenic hazards
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rash from drugs, renal damage, blood dyscrasias, hepatic toxicity.
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why do you call the poison control center
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Poisoned by Drugs
Overdoses Household Chemicals Snake bites Treatment: NG Tube, flush out, activated charcoal, Mag Citrate, IV fluids, monitored unit. Psychiatric analysis. |
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how are drug and pregnancy related
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The first trimester of pregnancy is the period of greatest danger for drug-induced developmental defects.
Transfer occurs by diffusion across the placenta. |
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three factors that contribute to safty/harm in pregnancy
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Drug Properties
Fetal gestational age Maternal factors |
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how to drugs effect children older than 1 year old
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Absorption - decreased
Distribution – decreased fat, immature blood/brain barrier. Metabolism – decrease liver enzyme production Excretion – decreased glomerular filtration rate, decreased perfusion kidneys |
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what are bad drugs for children
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Absorption - decreased
Distribution – decreased fat, immature blood/brain barrier. Metabolism – decrease liver enzyme production Excretion – decreased glomerular filtration rate, decreased perfusion kidneys |
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what are characteristics in children for dose calculation
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Skin is thin and permeable
Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria Lungs lack mucus barriers Body temperature – poorly regulated Liver and kidney – immature |
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what is polypharmacy
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32% of prescription, 40% of OTC
antihypertensives, beta-blockers, digitalis, diuretics, insulin, and K+ OTC – analgesics, laxatives, NSAIDs Taking 5 medications – 50% interaction Taking 8 medications – 100% interaction |
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what are some problems for geriatric medications opoids and anagesics
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Analgesics, opioids – Confusion, constipation, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, decreased LOC, falls.
Anticoagulants (heparin, Coumadin) – Major and minor bleeding episodes, drug interactions. |
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what are some problems for geriatric medications NSAIDS
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NSAIDS – Edema, nausea, abdominal distress, gastric ulceration, bleeding.
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what are some problems for geriatric medications-anticoagulants
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Anticoagulants (heparin, Coumadin) – Major and minor bleeding episodes, drug interactions.
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what are some problems for geriatric medications anticholinergic
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Blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, confusion, urinary retention, tachycardia.
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what are some problems for geriatric medications- antihypertensives
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Nausea, hypotension, diarrhea, bradycardia, heart failure, impotence.
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what are some problems for geriatric medications-cardic glycosides
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(digoxin) – Visual disorders, nausea, diarrhea, dysrhythmias, hallucinaitions, decreased appetite, weight loss.
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what are some problems for geriatric medications-sedatives and hypnotics
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Confusion, daytime sedation, ataxia, lethargy, forgetfulness, increased risks of falls.
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what are some problems for geriatric medications-thiazide diurectics
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Electrolyte imbalances, rashes, fatigue, leg cramps, dehydration.
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what is the assesment for pedicatric pt
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Age/Age-related concerns about organ functioning
Allergies to drugs and food Baseline vital signs Fears Head to toe assessment findings Height/level of growth and development Medical and medication history State of anxiety Use of prescription and OTC medication Methods of administration Responses to medications Weight |
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assesment for geriatics client
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Age
Allergies to drugs and food Dietary habits Limitations- sensory, visual, hearing, cognitive, motor skills, financial status List of all physicians Present and past medications Results of lab work – renal/liver Use of herbal preparations Use of home remedies Use of polypharmacy |
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how to give medications
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5 rights (drug, dose, time, route, & patient).
Check arm band – Know that this is the patient Check allergies and ASK ALLERGIES |
