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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of drug is Theophylline?
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Xanthine
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What is the brand name for Theophylline?
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Slo-bid
Theodur |
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What are the indications for Theophylline?
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Sypmtomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma & reversable bronchospasm
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What are the therapeutic actions of Theophylline?
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Directly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle = bronchodilation and increased vital capacity
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What is the route, onset, and peak of Theophylline
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Route: Oral
Onset: varies Peak: 2 hours |
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Theophylline
T 1/2: metabolized: excreted: |
T 1/2: 3-15 hours (non-smoker)
4-5 hours (smoker) metabolized: Liver excreted: Urine |
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Theophylline
Adverse effects |
Irritability, restlessness, dizziness, palpitations, life threatening arrythmias, GI upseat, proteinuria, respiratory arrest, fever, flushing
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Epinephrine
Type |
Sympathomimetics
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Epinephrine
Brand Name |
Sus-Phrine
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Epinephrine
Indications |
treatment of anaphalactic reactions, acute asthma attack, relief from respiratory distress of COPD & bronchial asthma
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Epinephrine
Therapeutic Actions |
Reacts at alpha & beta receptor sites in the SNS to cause bronchodilation, increase heart rate, increase respiratory rate, and increase blood pressure
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Epinephrine
Route: SQ Onset Peak Duration |
Route: SQ
Onset: 5 - 10 min Peak: 20 min Duration: 20 - 30 min |
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Epinephrine
Route: IM Onset Peak Duration |
Route: IM
Onset: 5 - 10 min Peak: 20 min Duration: 20 - 30 min |
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Epinephrine
Route: IV Onset Peak Duration |
Route: IV
Onset: 5 - 10 min Peak: 20 min Duration: 20 - 30 min |
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Epinephrine
Route: Inhalation Onset Peak Duration |
Route: Inhalation
Onset: 3 -5 min Peak: Instant Duration: 1 - 3 hours |
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Epinephrine
T 1/2: metabolized: |
T 1/2: Unknown
metabolized: by normal neuro pathways |
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Epinephrine
Adverse Effects |
fear, anxiety, restlessness, headache, nausia, decreased renal formation, pallor, palpitation, tachycardia, local burning/stinging, rebound conjestion with nasal inhalation
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Epinephrine
Drug - Drug Interactions |
Special precaution: avoid combination of sypathomimetic bronchodilators with general anesthesia cyclopropane and haloginated hydrocarbons - could cause serious cardiac complications
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Ipratropium
Type |
Anticholinergic Bronchodilator
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Ipratropium
Brand Name |
Atrovent
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Ipratropium
Indications |
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD
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Ipratropium
Actions |
blocks vagally mediated reflex by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine
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Ipratropium
Route: Onset: Peak: Duration: |
Route: Oral
Onset: 15 min Peak: 1 - 2 hours Duration: 3 - 4 hours |
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Ipratropium
T 1/2: Metabolized: |
T 1/2: unknown
Metabolized: by neural pathways |
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Ipratropium
Adverse effects: |
Cross sensitivity to antigen that causes peanut allergies
nervousness, dizziness, headache, nausia, GI distress, cough, palpitations |
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Budesonide
Type |
steroid
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Budesonide
Brand name |
Pulmacort
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Budesonide
Indications: |
Prevention & treatment of asthma; to treat chronic steroid-dependent bronchial asthma; as adjuct therapy for patients whose asthma is not controlled by traditional bronchodilators
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Budesonide
Therapeutic Actions: |
Decreases the inflamatory response in the airway; this action will increase air flow and facilitate repiration in an airway narrowed by inflammation.
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Budesonide
Route: Onset: Peak: Duration: |
Route: Inhalation
Onset: Slow Peak: Rapid Duration: 8 - 12 hours |
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Budesonide
T 1/2: Metabolized: Excreted: |
T 1/2: 2 - 3 hours
Metabolized: Liver Excreted: Urine |
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Budesonide
Adverse Effects |
Irritablility, headache, rebound conjestion, epistaxis, local infection
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Zifulukast
Type |
Leukotrine receptor antagonist
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Zifulukast
Brand Name |
Accolate
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Zifulukast
Indications: |
prevention & long-term treatment of asthma in adults and children 5 years and older
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Zifulukast
Actions |
specifically blocks receptors for leukotrines which are componenets of SRSA, blocking airway edema and process of inflammation in airway
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Zifulukast
Route: Onset: Peak: Duration: |
Route: Oral
Onset: Rapid Peak: 3 hours Duration: Unknown |
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Zifirlukast
T 1/2: metabolized: excreted: |
T 1/2: 10 hours
metabolized: liver excreted: urine & feces |
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Zifirlukast
Adverse effect: |
headache, dizziness, nausia, generalized pain & fever, infection
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Zifirlukast
Drug-Drug interaction |
proranolol, theophilline or warfarin - increase in toxicity can occur
calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, or asprin - decreased dosage of either may be needed |
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Beractant
Type |
Lung Surficant
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Beractant
Brand name |
Survanta
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Beractant
Indications |
prophylactic treatment of infants with increased risk of RDS; rescue treatment of infants who have developed RDS
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Beractant
Therapeutic Actions |
Reduce surface tension & allow expansion of avioli - replaces surficant that is missing in infants with RDS
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Beractant
Route: Onset: Peak: |
Route: Intratrachial
Onset: Immediate Peak: Hours |
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Beractant
T 1/2: metabolized: |
T 1/2: Unknown
metabolized: by surficant pathways |
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Beractant
Adverse effects |
patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, hypotension, bradycardia, pneumothorax, pulmonary air leak, hyperbilirubinemia, sepsis
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Cromolyn
Type |
Mast cell stabilizers
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Cromolyn
Brand Name |
Intal
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Cromolyn
Indications |
Prophylaxis of severe bronchial asthma; prevention of exercise induced asthma
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Cromolyn
Therapeutic actions |
Inhibits the allergen-triggered release of histamine, SRSA,and leukotrienes from mast cells; decreased the overall allergic response in the airways
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Cromolyn
Route: Onset: Peak: Duration: |
Route: Inhaled
Onset: Slow Peak: 15 min Duration: 6-8 hr |
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Cromolyn
T 1/2: Metabolized: Excreted: |
T 1/2: 80 min
Metabolized: liver Excreted: exhalation |
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Cromolyn
Adverse Effects: |
headache, dizziness, nausia, sore throat, dysuria, cough, nasal conjestion
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Cromolyn
Contraindications: |
cannot be used during acute attack
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List 4 xanthines
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amniophilline (Truphilline)
caffeine (Caffedrine & others) dyphylline (Dilor & others) theophylline (Slo-Bid, Theo-Dur) |
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Name 10 Sypathomimetics
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Albuterol(Proventil & others)
Biolterol (Tonralate) Ephedrine (generic) Epinephrine (Sus-Phrine, EpiPen & others) Formoterol (Foradil) Isoetharine (generic) Isoproterenol (Isuprel&other) Levalbuterol (Xopenex) Metaproterenol (Alupent) Pirbuterol (Maxair) |
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Name 2 anticholinergic bronchodilators
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Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Tiotropium (Spiriva) |
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Name 4 ihaled steriods
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beclomethasone (Beclovent)
budesonide (Pulmacort) fluticsone (Flovent) triamcinolone (Azmacort) |
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Name 3 leukotrine receptor antagonists
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montelukast (Singulair)
zafilukast (Accolate) zileuton (Zyflo) |
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Name 3 lung surficants
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beractant (Survanta)
calfactant (Inasurf) poractant (Curosurf) |
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Name 2 mast cell stabilizers
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cromolyn (Intal)
nedocromil (Tilade, Alocril) |
