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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cardiovascular System does what in the body?
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Consists of the heart, major blood vessel and small peripheral blood vessels
· Moves nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body |
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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An abnormal condition of the heart’s arterial circulation causing restriction in blood flow to the myocardium
· The myocardium must continuously receive nutrients and O2. · The heart does not get nutrients or O2 from the chambers of the heart so blood vessels around the heart that are constricted or narrowed then deprive the heart. |
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Angina (angina pectoris)
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Severe chest pain which is caused by the lack of O2 to the myocardium
· Atherosclerosis – common cause of angina. It is the buildup of fatty fibrous material called plaque in the arteries (CAD). |
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Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
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Restriction of blood flow to the peripheral tissues
· Pain occurs where the lack of blood flow occurs |
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Anti anginals and Peripheral Vasodilators
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Nitrates
· Calcium Channel Blockers · Peripheral Vasodilators |
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Nitrates does what and administered how?
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Direct action on vascular smooth muscle and cause it to relax.
· Can be administered under tongue, on the skin, and by mouth · Half-life is 1- 4 minutes |
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what are the nitrate drugs?
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Nitro stat (nitroglycerin)
o Nitro bid (nitroglycerin) o Nitro-dur (nitroglycerin) |
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what are the adverse/ side effects of nitrates?
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Postural hypotension
o Flushing o Tachycardia o Confusion o Dizziness o Fainting o H/A |
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Calcium Channel Blockers
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Some of these medications relieve chest pain by acting on the smooth muscle to dilate arteries in the heart.
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Peripheral Vasodilators
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Relax smooth muscle in arteries located in peripheral circulation
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Peripheral Vasodilators
Adverse/Side Effects are: |
Postural hypotension
Flushing Tachycardia Confusion Dizziness Fainting H/A Weakness Rash nervousness tingling sweating |
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Dysrhythmias
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irregular heartbeats (rhythm)
· could be a slow or fast rate · commonly caused by irritation to the heart tissue |
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Anti dysrhythmics medications
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These medications affect cells that are firing irregular by acting on different phases of cell activity
o Class I o Class II o Class III o Class IV |
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Anti dysrhythmics medications
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Procanbid
QuinTab Xylocaine Inderal Cordarone Tikosyn Betapace Calan |
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Hyperlipidemia
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High amounts of triglycerides or/and cholesterol
· Leads to atherosclerosis |
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Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A
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HMG – CoA
· Expensive · Best tolerated · Highly effective at lowering LDL levels · Monitor liver labs · Lipitor · Zocor |
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Fibric Acid Derivatives
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gemfibrozil
· Tricor · Highly effective at lowering triglycerides and increasing HDL levels · Monitor liver labs · Can cause cholelithiasis |
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Bile Acid Sequestrants
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Questran
· Cholestid · Decreases LDL and cholesterol blood levels · Will increase triglyceride levels · Adverse GI effects |
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Niacin
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· Most effective at lowering triglycerides and increasing HDL level
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