Pharmacology-Cardiovascular-Salicylates

Front 1

Brands of salicylates?

Back 1

Bayer
Ecotrin

Doan's Backache Pills

Front 2

Therapeutic effects of salicylates?

Back 2

antipyretics
nonopioid analgesics
antiinflammatory
antithrombotic
hematologic

Front 3

Indications of salicylates?

Back 3

inflammatory disorders
including:
rheumatoid arthritis
osteoarthritis
mild to moderate pain
fever
aspirin: prophylaxis of
transient ischemic
attacks and MI

Front 4

MOA of salicylates?

Produce analgesia and reduce
inflammation and fever by?

Back 4

inhibiting production of prostaglandins

Front 5

MOA of salicylates?

aspirin only: how does it affect platelet aggregation?

Back 5

decreases it

Front 6

Therapeutic effects of salicylates are?

Back 6

analgesia
reduction of inflammation
reduction of fever
aspirin: decreased incidence
of transient ischemic
attacks and MI

Front 7

General information:
Patients who have asthma, allergies, and nasal polyps or who are allergic to ________ are at an increased risk for developing a hypersensitivity reaction

Back 7

tartrazine

Front 8

Concerning Pain...what should the nurse assess?

Back 8

assess pain and limitation of movement, note type, location, and intensity before and at the peak

Front 9

Concerning Fever...what should the nurse assess?

diaphoresis
tachycardia
malaise
chills

Back 9

assess fever and note associated signs...what are the signs of fever?

Front 10

Lab Test Considerations...which functions should be monitored?

increased:
serum AST
ALT
alkaline
especially with plasma concentrations exceed 25 mg/100 mL...may return to normal despite continued use or active liver disease
phosphatase

Back 10

hepatic for symptoms of hepatotoxicity...may lab studies might be increased?

Front 11

Children with Kawasaki disease need salicylate levels periodically monitored with prolonged high-dose therapy

Back 11

!

Front 12

Aspirin prolongs bleeding time for 4-7 days and, in large doses, may cause prolonged?

hematocrit

Back 12

prothrombin time...what should be monitored periodically in prolonged high-dose therapy to assess for GI blood loss

Front 13

Toxicity and overdose with aspirin...symptoms are?

Back 13

tinnitus
headache
hyperventilation
agitation
mental confusion
lethargy
diarrhea
sweating
(if these symptoms occur, withhold meds and notify physician immediately)

Front 14

How should aspirin be administered?

absorbed

Back 14

after meals or with food or an antacid to minimize gastric irritation....food slows but does not alter the total amount?

Front 15

Do not take antacids within 2-2 hours of?

Back 15

enteric-coated tablets

Front 16

Instruct patient to take salicylates with?

15-30 minutes

Back 16

full glass of water and to remain in an upright position for how long?

Front 17

What ear condition should patient report?

Back 17

tinnitus

Front 18

What gum problem should patients report?

Back 18

unusual bleeding

Front 19

What integumentary condition should patients report?

Back 19

bruising

Front 20

What bowel movement characteristic should patient report?

Back 20

black, tarry stools

Front 21

How long may fever last before it should be reported to physician?

Back 21

longer than 3 days

Front 22

Mixing alcohol and aspirin may cause?

Back 22

gastric irritation

Front 23

Three or more glasses of alcohol per day while taking aspirin may increase the risk of?

Back 23

GI bleeding

Front 24

Caution patient against taking aspirin with which 2 meds for more than a few days unless prescribed by physician?

Back 24

acetaminophen
NSAIDs

Front 25

Teach patients on a sodium-restricted diet to avoid?

Back 25

effervescent tablets or buffered-aspirin preparations

Front 26

Tablets with an acetic (vinegar-like) odor should be?

Back 26

discarded

Front 27

Aspirin may need to be withheld for how long before surgery?

Back 27

1 week

Front 28

CDC recommends against giving aspirin to children or adolescents with? (3)

Reye's syndrome

Back 28

varicella (chickenpox) influenza-like illness
viral illness... because of a possible association with?

Front 29

Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by? (5)

Back 29

relief of mild to moderate
discomfort
increased ease of joint
movement
reduction of fever
prevention of transient
ischemic attacks
prevention of MI

Front 30

About how many weeks before effectiveness of aspirin noticed?

Back 30

2-3 weeks

Front 31

Aspirin is what kind of agent?

Back 31

coagulation modifier agent

Front 32

Aspirin also serves as an?

Back 32

antiplatelet

Front 33

Patients should not take aspirin if allergic to the following?

Back 33

salycylates
asthma
GI bleeding or bleeding
disorders
children under 12yo or
flulike
lactation
patients with vitamin K
deficiency
peptic ulcer diseease

Front 34

MOA for aspirin as an antiplatelet?
inhibits cyclooxygenase.. then thromboxane results...
blood vessel dilation results...which results in?

Back 34

prevention of platelet aggregation

Front 35

MOA in blood vessels?
need higher doses of aspirin greater than?

Back 35

80 mg daily to inhibit cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin

Front 36

Aspirin and what other med produces additive antiplatelet activity?

Back 36

dipyridamole

Front 37

Aspirin and NSAIDs potentiate?

Back 37

bleeding

Front 38

If a patient is allergic to aspirin, she may be allergic to?

Back 38

NSAIDs

Front 39

Salicylism or chronic salycylate intoxication can occur as low as?

Back 39

150 micrograms/ml

Front 40

Salicyclate intoxication can cause?

Back 40

cardiovascular symptoms
increased heart rate
GI problems
n&v
diarrhea
metabolic condition
sweat
thirst
hyperventilation (children)
CNS disturbances
tinnitus (adults)
hearing loss (adults)
vision dimming
headache
dizziness
confusion
lassitude
drowsiness (children)

Front 41

Other possible effects of salicylate intoxication are?

Back 41

metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
hypoglycemia (life-threatenin

Front 42

If salicylate intoxication occurs, what is the treatment... what syrup should be given?

gastric lavage and activated charcoal...these interventions reduce salicylate absorption

Back 42

IPECAC syrup if patient is
awake and alert...then start what two things?

Front 43

After ipecac syrup, gastric lavage, and charcoal have been started on patient with salycylate intoxication, what should be implemented immediately?

arterial pH
blood gases
electrolytes
serum creatinine
BUN
blood glucose

Back 43

appropriate fluid replacement and electrolyte therapy...what lab test should be done to ascertain which elements are missing (6)?

Front 44

To enhance salicylate elimination, alkaline diuresis is started...this is an IV administration of?

Back 44

sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize the urine to a pH of 7.5 or more with sufficient urine flow

Front 45

Hemodialysis may be started for salicylate intoxication.

Back 45

okay

Front 46

Supportive measures for salycylate intoxication includes...to avoid hypotension and/or hemorrhagic complications, what can be started?

Back 46

fluids
transfusions
possible vitamin K injections

Front 47

Supportive measures for salycylate intoxication includes...to avoid respiratory depression, patient may require assissted?

Back 47

pulmonary ventilation and oxygen

Front 48

Supportive measures for salycylate intoxication includes...to avoid seizures, start IV administration of a?

Back 48

benzodiazepine or short-acting barbituate