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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does heparin work?
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* Activates antithrombin III (increases PTT)
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How does enoxaprin work?
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* Low molecular weight heparin acts on Xa
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How does lepirudin, bivalirudin work?
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* Direct inhibitor of Thrombin
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How does tPA (alteplase) work?
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* Aids conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
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How does clopidegrel/ticlopidine work?
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* Inhibits platelet AGGregation, block ADP receptors
(ticlodipine can cause neutropenia) |
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How does abciximab work?
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* Monoclonal Ab that binds to IIb/IIIa preventing AGGregation
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How does methotrexate work?
What would counteract this drug and replenish folic acid? |
* Cell cycle specific (S-phase antimetabolite) Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase-- decreased DNA/protein synthesis (S-phase)
SE: Myelosuppression Counteract: Leucovorin (replenishes folic acid) |
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How does 5-Fluoruracil work?
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* S-Phase specific-- Inhibits thymidylate synthase (substitutes for thymine)
SE: Myelosuppression/Photosensitivity |
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How does 6-mercaptopurine work?
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* Blocks de-novo purine synthesis-- activates HGPRT (increases uric acid)
SE: Gout (Toxic if used with Allopurinol) |
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How does cytarabine work?
What does it treat? |
* Inhibits DNA polymerase
TX: AML SE: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megalo anemia |
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How does cyclophosphamide work?
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* Alkylater, x-links DNA at guanine N7
TX: Non-Hodge lymphoma SE: Myelosuppresion, cystitis |
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How does Nitrosureas work?
What are they? What do they treat? |
* Alkylate DNA, cross BBB
Agents: Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin TX: Brain tumors (can cause CNS toxicity) |
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How does cisplatin work?
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* Act like alkylators
SE: Nephro and Ototoxic |
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How does Busulfan work?
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* Alkylates DNA
TX: CML SE: Pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation |
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How does doxrubicin work?
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* Generates free radicals
SE: Cardiotoxic (dilated cardiomyopathy) |
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How does Dactinomycin work?
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* Intercalates DNA
TX: Wilms tumor, Ewings sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma SE: Myelosuppression |
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How does bleomycin work?
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* Free radicals, causes DNA breaks
SE: Pulmonary fibrosis |
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How does Hydroxyurea work?
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* Inhibits ribonuc reductase thus decreasing DNA synthesis (S-phase specific)
TX: Sickle cell (increases HbF) SE: Bone marrow suppression |
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How does etoposide work?
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* G2-phase specific, inhibits topoiso II and increases DNA degradation
SE: Myelosuppression |
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How does Tamoxifen/Raloxifen work?
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* Breast receptor antagonist, blocks binding of estrogen receptor positive cells
SE: Increased endometrial carcinoma, hot flashes Raloxifene doesn't increase risk of endometrial carcinoma |
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If a woman has breast cancer but doesn't want to increase her risk of endometrial cancer give:
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* Raloxifene (it is an endometrial antagonist too)
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How does imatinib work?
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* Philly chromosome (9;22) inhibitor of tyrosine kinase
USE: CML SE: Fluid retention |
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How does vinchristine work?
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* M-phase specific plant alkyloid that block polymerization of microtubules so spindle doesn't form
SE: Bone marrow suppression |
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How does paclitaxel work?
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* M-phase specific that binds tubulin to hyperstabilize microtubules so that the SPINDLE DOESN'T break
SE: myelosuppression |
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How does sorafenib work and what is it for?
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* Inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors
USE: RCC |
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How does cyclosporine work?
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* Binds cyclophilins, blocks T-cell activation by INHIBITING CALCINEURIN (like Tacrolimus) prevents production of IL-2 and its receptor
SE: Nephrotoxic, lymphomas possible |
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How does tacrolimus work?
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* Inhibits Calcineurin (like cyclosporin) to inhibit secretion of IL-2
SE: Nephrotoxic, pheripheral neuropathy |
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How does azathioprine work?
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* Interferes with synthesis of nucleic acids
USE: kidney transplants SE: Bone marrow suppression |
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How does muromonab work?
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* Monoclonal Ab binds to CD3 on the surface to T-cells
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How does Sacrolimus work?
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* Inhibits T-cell proliferation in response to IL-2 (NOT nephrotoxic)
SE: high lipids, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia |
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How does mycophenolate mofetil work?
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* Inhibits de novo guanine synthesis and block lymphocyte production
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How does Daclizumab work?
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* Ab with high affinity for IL-2 receptor on T-cells
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What interferon would you use to treat hep B/C?
What interferon would you use to treat chronic granulomatous disease: |
* HepB/C = INF-alpha
CG disease = INF-gamma |
