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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
List the 4 Subclasses of B-Lactams
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Generally, how are Penicillinas eliminates?
Renally, this means you have to adjust dosing for renal function

Two exceptions are Nafcilin and and Oxacilin
What type of pharmacodynamics do the Penicillins exhibit?
Bacteriocidal time dependent killing
What is the MOA of Penicillins?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis by binding to Penicillin binding protein and preventing transpeptidation.
What are two major side effects in the use of Penicillins?
Hypersensitivity (3-10%) this contraindicates the Cephalosporins and Carbapenems as well

Interstitial Nephritis (Nafcillin is well known)
What is the most popular use of Penicillin G?
Treatment of Syphilis
What are the bugs affected by Penicillin G?
Gram (+): PSSP, PSSA, S. Viridans, B-Hemolitic Strep, Enterococcus, Bacilus

Gram (-): Neisseria, Pasturella Multocida

Others: Clostridium, Treponema Pallidum
What are the names of 4 Penicillinase resistant Penicillins?
Cloxacillin
Dicolxacillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin
What is Nafcillin commonly used for?
PSSA infections
What are three amino Penicillins?
Aminopenicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
What are the bugs affected by the amino-penicillins
Gram (+): PSSP, PSSA, S. Viridans, B-Hemolitic Strep, Enterococcus, Bacilus, *Listeria Monocytogenes*

Gram (-): Proteus, Mirablis, Salmonella, Shigella, E.Coli, H. Influenza
What bugs are amino-penicillins primarily used for?
Enterococci
What are Carboxypenicillin and Ticarcillin used to treat?
Primarily gram (-) bugs. Particularly Pseudomonas Aerurginosa.

(Remember PMCAT)
Name 3 Uropenicillins
Piperacillin
Azlocillin
Mezlocillin
What are the major bugs affected by the Uropenicillins?
Gram (-)'s particularly:Pseudomonas Aeurginosa, Serratia Marcescens, and Klebsiella
What is unique about Aztreonam?
It can be used in PT's hypersensitive to Penicillins.
What is clavulanic acid and how is it used?
It is a B-Lactamidase inhibitor. It is used in conjunction with B-lactam antibiotics to increase efficacy.
What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Cephalosporins?
Bacteriocidal, time dependent killing
What is the biochemical difference between Cephalosporins and Penicillins
Ceph's are more stable due to a ring
What generations of Cephalosporins can penetrate the CSF?
3rd and 4th
What are the names of the first generation Cephalosporins?
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
What are the bugs covered by the first generation Cephalosporins?
Gram (+): MSSA, PSSP, B-Hemolitic Streps and S. Viridans

Gram (-) Proteus Mirabilis, E. Coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia (PEK)
What are the names of the second generation Cephalosporins?
Cefuroxime
Cefprozil
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
What are bugs covered by the second generation Cephalosporins?
Gram (-) H. Influenza, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus Mirablis, E. Coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia (HENPEK)
What are the names of the third generation Cephalosporins?
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidme
What are bugs covered by the third generation Cephalosporins?
Gram (+): PS S. Pneumo

Gram (-): H. Influenza, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus Mirablis, E. Coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella (HENPEKSSS)
What is unique about Ceftriaxone
It is hepatically eliminated
It has a fairly longlife
What is the 4th generation Cephalosporin
Cefepime
What are the bugs covered by the 4th generation cephalosporins?
Gram (-): H. Influenza, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus Mirablis, E. Coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, P. Aeruginosa (HENPEKSSSP)
What bacteria exhibit inducible B-Lactamidase?
Shigella
Pseudomonas
Indole (+) Proteus
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Name 4 Carbapenems
Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
What are the pharmacodynamics of the Carbapenems?
Bacteriocidal, time dependent killing
Carbapenems have a very broad spectrum. What DON'T they cover?
MRSA, PRSP, VRE, C. Diff, Nocardia, Atypicals
What additional bug does Ertapenem not cover?
P. Aeruginosa
What is a major interaction of the Cephalosporins?
Alcohol, you will puke like whoa
What is a major side effect of the Carbapenems?
Neurotoxicity (confusion, hallucinations, seizures, spasms). Mainly in renal failure patients.
What is the one Monobactam?
Actreonam
What are the pharmacodynamics of Aztreonam?
Time dependent bactericidal killing. ONLY on PPB-3
What is the coverage of Aztreonam?
Gram (-) Aerobes: E. Coli, K. Pneumonia. P. Mirabilis, S. Marcesens, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, P. Aeurginosa