Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Durgs that are Metabolic and DNA synthesis inhibitors (5)?
|
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim Fluroquinolones Urinary Antiseptics Polymyxin B |
|
Sulfonamides MOA, indictions?
|
MOA: Inhibit folate production and incorporation into purines to prevent DNA synthesis (looks like PABA)
Indictions: UTI, otitis media, URTI, SSTI Resistance is on rise Bacteriostatic unless in combo with TMP |
|
Sulfonamides kinetics
|
Absorbed, bound to proteins
N-Acetylated in urine, concentrated and can crystallize **Keep hydrated Adj for renal insuff |
|
Specific Sulfonamides:
|
Sulfasalazine - poorly absorbed, metabolized to 5-aminosalicylic acid (antiflammatory); used for ulcerative colitis, IBD, surgery, arthritis
Sulfadozine + Pyrimethamine used in malaria |
|
Sulfonamide tox
|
Varrying allergic rxns (rash/fever to sever exfoliative dermatitis or Stevens Jognson syndrome)
May ppt in urine Hemolytic anemia due to decrease in G6Phos Electrolyte abnormalities (decreased K and Mg) |
|
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
|
Red splotches on skin
Blisters of skin, mouth, eyes, eats, nose, genital area swelling of eyelids flu-like syndrome |
|
Sulfonamide Resistance
|
Plasmid mediated to change enzyme affinite (increased affinity for PABA), or lose permeability, or to increase production of PABA (so you cant keep the conc of drug high enough)
|
|
Trimethoprim MOA, indications
|
MOA: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to prevent tetrahydrofolate foamtion
Bactrim and Septra (TMP/SMX) usef in UTI, otitis media, bronchitis no need for refridge |
|
TMP Tox
|
Hematopoietic problems
GI, hepatitis, exfoliative dermatitis |
|
FQ generally against? CHange with generations?
|
mostly gram NEG with increasing POS with the generations
|
|
FQ MOA in gram NEG and POS
|
FQ gram NEG against DNA gyrase
-- can't supercoil FQ gram POS against topoisomerase type IV -- daughter cells can't uncoil |
|
FQ Kinetics
|
orally avail, readily absorbed
Concentration dependent killing adj in renal insuff |
|
FQ Indications
|
- UTI, prostatitis
- SSTI - STDs - Infectious diarrhea - Anthrax - Intra-ab infections - CAP |
|
FQ Resistance
|
mutatiuons in topoisomerase IV or in DNA gyrase
|
|
FQ Toxicity
|
GI N/V/D, CNS dizziness/HA/insomnia, cartilage damage in children and preggos, QT Prolongation so don't combine with 1A and III antiarrhythmics
|
|
Name the 3 Bacillis
|
Bacillis Anthracis - anthraz gram POS spores
Cutaneous anthrax - localized red lesions Anthrax pneumonia - spores inhaled lead to pneumonia |
|
Name 4 Clostridium
|
Clostridium tetani - in puncture wounds, leads to spastic paralysis
Clostridium perfringens - food poisoning, secretory diarrhea, wound infections (gas gangrene) Clostridium botulinum - flaccid paralysis Clostridium difficile - GI tract, ATB induced overgrowth |
|
What do Clostridium and Bacillis produce?
|
Spores
|
|
UT Antiseptics (2)
|
Methenamine
Nitrofurantoin |
|
Methanamine notes
|
decomposes to formaldehyde
concentrated in urine CI in hepatic disease can be used in chronic UTI |
|
Nitrofurantoin notes
|
reduced form will damage bacterial DNA
for E. Coli and enterococci bacteriocidal *Will color urine orange/brown |
|
Nitrofurantoin Tox
|
N/V/D
Pulmonary fibrosis with chronic use |
|
Polymyxin B MOA, notes
|
MOA: cationic detergent, will distrupt gram NEG membrane
Nephrotoxic with sustemic use (so only topical), systemic can cause N/V too combined with Bacitracin and Neosporin |