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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phenytoin - (dilantin) - suppress sodium influx - major med in the anticonvulsant class
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- suppression of sodium influx across the cell membrane reduces the spread of seizure discharge by reducing the cell excitability
- many med interactions exists, so thorough med history is important - when using the suspension form, make sure the solution is shaken vigorously before admin - the expected outcome is no or a greatly reduced frequency of seizure activity SE/AR CNS - sedation - Nystagmus - Ataxia - Diplopia - cognitive impairment GUM hyperplasia - swelling, tenderness, bleeding of the gums (20%) skin rash (hold the next dose and contact the prescriber) Patient edu. with dilantin - do not double up on a dose - do not stop med abruptly which may lead to worsening seizures - If a rash develops stop taking and call their MD immediately - Don't operate heavy machinery of any higher level of thinking activity until CNS side effects are known - elderly may require small doses due to hepatic metabolism slowing with age - |
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Carbomazepine (tegretol and carbatrol)
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- suppresses high frequency neuronal discharge in and around the seizure foci, similar to Dilatin
- effective with partial seizures and tonic clonic seizures - not effective with absence seizures |
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Ethosuximide (Zarontin) -succinimides - suppress calcium influx
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- drug of choice for absence seizures
- Suppresses neuronal activity in the thalamus which is thought to be responsible for absence seizure activity SE/AR - monitor for blood dyscrasias,(mess with RBC, WBC, platelets )hepatic and renal functioning - may cause drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, tongue edema and psychosis - never withdraw suddenly - call MD if rash develops |
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What are Succinimides?
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they increase the seizure threshold and reduce the EEG spike-wave pattern by decreasing nerve impulses and transmission in the motor cortex
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Phenobarbital (Luminal) Barbiturates (GABA)
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- pre operative sedation
- heavy sedation SE/AR =- same SE with any anti-anxiety or sedative meds - no operating heavy machinery - lower doses may be needed with extreme ages - If taking BC pills, the may be ineffective - dosage should be low as possible |
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Benzodiazepines : GABA
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they appear to suppress the trigger of seizure activity produced by foci in the cortex, thalamus, and limbic areas
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Clonazepam (klonopin) - BEnzodiazepines (GABA)
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SE/AR
- do not with draw abruptly - does cross the placental barrier (can cause cleft lip) - caution heavy activities due to CNS depression |
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Diazepam (Valium)
Benzodiazepines (GABA) |
SE/AR
- do not with draw abruptly - does cross the placental barrier (can cause cleft lip) - caution heavy activities due to CNS depression |
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Valporic Acid (Depakene, Depakote, Depacon)
Sodium influx, calcium influx and GABA |
- has also been released for use with Migraine therapy
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Magnesium sulfate
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used with seizures in pregnancy - pre-eclampsia leads to Eclampsia(Seizure)
- should not be used in the presence of heart block, heart damage, or renal failure - This works to stop premature labor by acting as a uterine relaxing agent - Does cross the placental barrier, reduced reflexes and respiratory depression may be seen - do not use within 2 hours of birth unless absolutely neccessary |
