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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anti-anxiety, sedative hypnotic drugs: Major Physiological Effect
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• CNS depressant
• Types o Barbituates, benzo, misc |
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Actions of barbs, benzos, misc.
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• CNS depressant
o Skeletal muscle relaxation o Sedative effect o Anti-convulsant |
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Uses of barbituates, benzos, Misc
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• Promote sleep
• Pre op • Diagnostic procedures→reduce anxiety • Anti anxiety (general) • During convulsive states • Acute alcohol withdrawal • CP spasticity o Decrease in muscle spasm from injury |
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anti-anxiety and sedative vs hypnotics
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• Anti-anxiety & sedatives=RELAXATION
• Hypnotics=SLEEP • Difference btw effects dose dependent o Large doses of anti and sed→sleep o Small dose of hypnotic→sedation |
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Barbituates
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• Sedative-hypnotic
• PROTOTYPE-phenobarbital • Used especially for anti-convulsant effects-seizures • Short, long, intermediate effects |
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Adverse effect of barbituates
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• Interfere w REM sleep
• High rate of drug dependence and abuse |
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Anxiety
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• Amygdala and hippocampus-store memory and associate certain things w memory→including anxiety
• NT involved: GABA→excites NS that causes anxiety • Inhibit GABA→relax, slow down |
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Benzodiazepines
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• PROTOTYPE: Diazepam (valium
• Anti-anxiety/anoxiolytic |
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Advantages of benzodiazepines over barbituates
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• Wider margin safety btw therapeutic dose and adverse effects/toxicity
• Few overdoses o EXCEPT w alcohol • Minimal enzyme induction (little tolerance) • Doesn’t suppress REM as much |
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Diazepam
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• Prototype for benzodiazepines
• CNS depressant o Anti-anxiety o Some sedation o Impairment of physical activities o Anti-seizure • Can be used in acute stage of alcohol withdrawal • In large doses→repress the respiratory system |
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Types of benzodiazepines
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• Xanax (11th most prescribed drug)
• Versed-pre-op sedation • Diazepam |
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Miscellaneous anti anxiety drugs
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• Buspar (buspirone)
• Hydroxzine (vistaril) |
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miscellaneous sedative-hypnotic drugs
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• Choral hydrate (w/ alcohol→date rape)
• zolpidem (ambient) |
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contradictions to barbs, benzos, misc
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• Do NOT use if:
o Serious respiratory disorder o Severe liver or kidney disease o Allergic to them o History of drug abuse |
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adverse effects to barbs, benzos, misc
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• Paradoxal reaction
• Drowsiness, ataxia, confusion • ABUSE big |
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Alcohol mixed with barbs, benzos, misc
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• Synergistic effect
o Doubles the effect of the meds when taken with alcohol |
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Barb and benzo overdose
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• Respiratory support
• Nasogastric lavage • IV fluids and diuretics • Flumazenil (Romazicon)→competes w benzo receptor sites o Short lasting |
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Treatment of barb and benzo Withdrawal
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• 6-8 hrs of last dose→withdrawal
o high HR, aggiated, diaphoretic, anxious, tremors • more die from acute withdrawal need to taper dose down gradually |
