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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?
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- they combine with bacterial ribosomes to arrest protein synthesis which in turn prevents bacterial cell reproduction
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What are the three important aminoglycosides? ( trade name)
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- gentamicin (garamycin)
- streptomycin ( streptomycin) - vancomycin (Vancocin) |
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Which two aminoglycosides are taken as Intramuscular injections? In what doses?
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- gentamicin (IM,IV, Oral) 3-7 mg/kg/dose
- streptomycin (IM) 0.5-1g q12-24h |
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How is the aminoglycoside vancomycin administered? (dose)
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- Oral or IV, 6-7 mg/kg/dose
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What patient would get the best use from an aminoglycoside?
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- one who was suffering from a gram- negative bacilli
- One going into abdominal surgery - Ear and eye drops to treat localized infection - carefully in children and elderly patients - not pregnant - not with penicillin - increase warfarin |
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What are the serious adverse effects of aminoglycosides? (2)
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- ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
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What can prolonged use of aminoglycosides cause?
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- superinfection
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What is the mechanism of action of Macrolides?
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- inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosome
- bacteriostatic at low doses - cidal at high doses |
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What patient could use Macrolides?
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- one who was allergic to penicillin
- who has an upper respiratory infection or duodenal ulcers - either gram positive or gram negative suspected - one who is not on cardiac medication or cyclosporine or corticosteroids - hepatitis or liver dysfunction |
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What are the three names of the important Macrolides? (trade)
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- azithromycin (Zithromax)
- clarithromycin (Biaxin) - erythromycin (Eryc, E-mycin) |
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What are the dosage levels of common macrolides?
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- All Oral
- Azithromycin 5-2000mg - 7.5-500mg clarithromycin - 250mg erythromycin |
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What are the serious adverse effects of macrolides?
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- hepatoxicity, ototoxicity (high doses), phlebitis (only IV)
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