Pharmacology: Ans And Its Drugs

Front 1

The autonomic system is broken down into what 2 systems?

Back 1

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

Front 2

The Para-sympathetic system is in charge of what response?

Back 2

Rest & Digest
(Think of a para-plegic sitting in a wheel chair…they are resting there!)

Front 3

What is the Sympathetic system responsible for?

Back 3

Fight or Flight.
(Have sympathy for the guy running from the lion!)

Front 4

Is an Affrent nerve going to or away from the CNS?

Back 4

Goes to the Brain..its Accepted by the brain, its sensory (Affrent/Accepted)

Front 5

Is an Effrent nerve going to or away from the CNS?

Back 5

Goes away from the CNS to the perpherial area. Its motor…the Effect of the sensation had earlier.
(Like batting a mosquito away when you sensed it earlier on your face.)

Front 6

Where does a pre-ganglionic neuron orginate?

Back 6

In the CNS…and passes out to form the ganglia at the synapse with the post ganglionic neuron.

Front 7

Where does a post-ganglionic neuron originate?

Back 7

In the ganglia and it innervates the effector organ or tissue

Front 8

Which cranial nerves are concerned with the PANS?

Back 8

III, VII, IX & X
(along with sacral segments S2-S4 of the spinal cord).

Front 9

Because a sympathetic (SANS) pregangliongic fiber often synapses with multiple postganglionic neurons, what can be said about the area being impacted?

Back 9

Since multiple post-ganglionic fibers are being stimulated…it has a wide or difuse effect in the SANS.

Front 10

When the SANS is stimulated what neurotransmitter is being released by the adrenal medulla?

Back 10

Epinepherine primarily and a small amout of Nor-epinepherine (NE..very similar to epi) Nor/Epinepherine makes you run fast…get away from the lion!

Front 11

A drug that acts at the location where NE is released as the neurotransmitter is termed __________.

Back 11

Adrengeric..think adrenalin…another name for epi.

Front 12

A drug that acts on NE is called __________

Back 12

Adrengeric

Front 13

Since the PANS impacts only a small number of synaptic connections between the pre & post ganglionic neurons, what can be said about the area being stimulated?

Back 13

Since only a few post ganglionc fibers are being stimulated it has a more direct impact or a more discrete response…rest and digest…its triggering a specific thing.

Front 14

What is mydriasis?

Back 14

Dialated pupils…happens when SANS is impacted to help you see the Lion!

Front 15

What is miosis?

Back 15

Constricted pupils…happens when PANS is impacted..you're chilling…don't need to see much!

Front 16

What is the neurotransmitter found between pre & post ganglionic nerves in the PANS?

Back 16

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Front 17

What is the term for nerves that release acetylcholine?

Back 17

Cholinergic

Front 18

Synapses stimulated by nicotine are termed _____________.

Back 18

nicotinic

Front 19

Cholinergic drugs work on the ________ nervous system.

Back 19

parasympathetic

Front 20

A drug that acts at the location where ACH is released as the neurotransmitter is termed __________.

Back 20

Cholinergic (from acetylcholine)

Front 21

What is the suffix for a drug that acts at and produces the SAME effect as a neurotransmitter?

Back 21

Mimetic…like a mime…it mimicks..

Front 22

A drug that blocks the action of the neurotransmitter in the ANS has the suffix of ________

Back 22

lytic…its also referred to as an antagonist!
(It’s a "blocker")

Front 23

What is the principle mediator (neurotransmitter) of the PANS?

Back 23

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Front 24

What are 2 cholinergic receptors?

Back 24

Muscarinic & Nicotinic
(Read over pg 36 in the bullett points.)

Front 25

What chemical has been shown to block the action of ACH at POST-ganglionic endings in the PANS but not at the neuromuscular junction?

Back 25

atropine

Front 26

What happens when the enzyme that normally destroys ACH is inhibited?

Back 26

The concentration of ACH builds up (as it isn't being destroyed) and it results in the PANS being stimulated…rest and digest.

Front 27

The DIRECT effect on the heart by cholinergic agents is…..

Back 27

a decrease in cardiac output! (Direct=decrease)
*Direct acting acts on the receptor.*

Front 28

The Indirect effect on the heart by cholinergic drugs is….

Back 28

an increase in heart rate… (Indirect=increase)
*Indirect causes the release of a neurotransmitter.*

Front 29

Knowing that ACH is a PANS neurotransmitter, and that PANS means to Rest n Digest, what can then be said about the eyes?
Will they have mydriasis or miosis?

Back 29

Miosis…you're chilling so your eyes are constricted…don't need to see much!

Front 30

So if cholinergic drugs work on the Para-sympathetic NS, what would an anticholergic agent do to acetylcholine?

Back 30

Anti-cholinergic agents prevent the Action of Acetylcholine at the post ganglionc parasympathetic endings…the release of ACH isn't prevented, but the receptor site is "competitively blocked by the Anticholinergics!

Front 31

The adverse reactions of cholinergic drugs are noted in "SLUD" What does SLUD stand for?

Back 31

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defication

Front 32

SLUD is an adverse reaction to cholinergic or anticholinergic drugs?

Back 32

Cholinergic!

Front 33

The Parasympathetic fibers originate in the nuclei of the….

Back 33

Cranial nerves & sacral segments of the spinal cord.

Front 34

Does the anatomy of the PANS or SANS contain long pre-ganglionic nerves & short post-ganglionic nerves?

Back 34

PANS…think of it this way…you're resting so you can have long pre-ganglionic nerves.
If you were running from a lion you'd want short pre-ganglionic nerves so the action potential wouldn't have to travel as far!

Front 35

What are 4 contraindications for cholinergic's?

Back 35

1) Bronchial asthma
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) GI or Unrinary tract obstructon
4) Severe cardiac disease

Front 36

Cholinergic is to Parasympathomimetic as ____________ is to parasympatholytic.

Back 36

Anticholinergic

Front 37

What are 2 names for drugs that stimulate the PANS?

Back 37

Cholinergic agonist & Parasympathomimetic

Front 38

What are 3 names for drugs that block the PANS?

Back 38

Anticholinergic, Parasympatholytic, or Cholinergic blockers

Front 39

Another name for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is _____________. Whereas the neurotransmitter NE is called _________.

Back 39

Cholinergic
Adrenergic

Front 40

Anticholinergic drugs block the action of ___________ on smooth muscle, glandular tissue and the heart.

Back 40

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Front 41

In dentistry, what is the "downside" of anticholinergic drugs?

Back 41

Xerostomia…they block the action on glandular tissue..salivary glands

Front 42

The PANS & SANS tend to act in ____________ ways.

Back 42

opposite…they usually counteract eachother.

Front 43

What are 2 names for drugs that stimulate the SANS?

Back 43

Sympathomimetic or Adrenergic!

Front 44

What are 3 names for drugs that block the SANS?

Back 44

Adrenergic blockers, Sympathetic blockers or sympatholytic

Front 45

What are the main nervous system receptors we're concerned with in the SANS?

Back 45

Alpha & Beta

Front 46

What does stimulation of Alpha receptors cause?

Back 46

Smooth muscle excitation or contraction…which then causes vasoconstriction!

Front 47

Where are Alpha receptors located?

Back 47

In the skin and skeletal muscle

Front 48

What does the Beta 1 receptor stimulate?

Back 48

The Heart (only 1 heart)

Front 49

What do Beta 2 receptors stimulate?

Back 49

Lungs (2 lungs)

Front 50

What are drugs that block the Beta recepts effects called?

Back 50

Beta-Adrenergic blocking agents

Front 51

Adrenergic agents are also known as?

Back 51

Sympathomimetic…mimics the SANS…fight or flight

Front 52

Why would adrenergic agents play a big rile in th e treatment of asthma or anaphylaxis?

Back 52

Because they open up, or relax, the bronchial tubes..allow in more air…fight or flight!

Front 53

Epinepherine (an adrenergic) has what type of receptor activity?

Back 53

Epihepherine has both Alpha and Beta Receptor activity

Front 54

NE stimulates primarly ________ receptors?

Back 54

Alpha

Front 55

Isoproterenol acts primarily on ________ receptors.

Back 55

Beta

Front 56

Adrenergic effects on the heart would include? (Remember fight or flight )

Back 56

Increased force and strenth of contractions

Front 57

Increased CNS excitation and alertness would be adrenergic or cholinergic effects?

Back 57

Adrenergic!

Remember...Fight or flight

Front 58

What are the 2 effects on the eye from adrenergic drugs?

Back 58

1) Decreased intraocular pressure
2) Mydriasis-->dialation of the pupil

Front 59

Which salivary gland has NO sympathetic innervation?

Back 59

Parotid….so drugs that impact the SANS can lead to Xerostomia since salivary flow is reduced!

Front 60

As a reminder…what is responsible for taking sugar into the cells?

Back 60

Insulin…So hyperglycemia can result from adrenergic drugs..insulin release is decreased but glycogenolysis is increased..get food to the brain!

Front 61

What are 3 specific Adrenergic agents (drugs)?

Back 61

1) Epinepherine--drug of choice for acute asthma & anaphylaxis
2) Phenylephrine--used as a mydriatic (to dilate pupils in eye exam) & in nose sprays to relieve congestion
3) Levonordefrin--a vasoconstrictor often added to Local Anesthetics.

Front 62

Not to confuse the situation; but what neurotransmitter can be in both the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems?

Back 62

ACH…but is mainly in the PANS!