Pharmacology: Ans

Front 1

SYM neurons have a ___ postganglionic neuron, whereas PARA neurons have a ___ one.

Back 1

long NEergic (except sweat)
short cholinergic

Front 2

Sweat glands are exceptional in that they are innervated by ___, but have ___ic synapse.

Back 2

SYM
muscarinic

Front 3

ANS effect on SA node

Back 3

SYM: tachycardia
PARA: bradycardia

Front 4

ANS effect on atria

Back 4

SYM: + inotropic
PARA: - inotropic

Front 5

ANS effect on AV node

Back 5

SYM: increased conduction
PARA: decreased conduction

Front 6

ANS effect on ventricles

Back 6

SYM: + inotropy
PARA: none

Front 7

ANS effect on arterioles

Back 7

SYM: vasoconstriction
PARA: none, but muscarinic AChR present

Front 8

ANS effect on venules

Back 8

SYM: venoconstriction
PARA: none

Front 9

ANS effect on bronchiolar smooth muscle

Back 9

SYM: bronchodilation
PARA: bronchoconstriction

Front 10

ANS effect on bronchiolar secretion

Back 10

SYM: inhibited
PARA: stimulated

Front 11

ANS effect on intestinal muscle

Back 11

SYM: relaxation
PARA: contraction

Front 12

ANS effect on GIT sphincters

Back 12

SYM: contraction
PARA: relaxation

Front 13

ANS effect on GIT glands

Back 13

SYM: none
PARA: secretion

Front 14

ANS effect on detrusor

Back 14

SYM: relaxation
PARA: contraction

Front 15

ANS effect on bladder sphincter

Back 15

SYM: contraction
PARA: relaxation

Front 16

ANS effect on vas deferens

Back 16

SYM: contraction, ejaculation
PARA: none

Front 17

ANS effect on penis

Back 17

SYM: flaccidity
PARA: erection

Front 18

ANS effect on pupillary sphincter

Back 18

SYM: mydriasis
PARA: miosis

Front 19

ANS effect on ciliary muscle

Back 19

SYM: relaxation
PARA: contraction->accomodation

Front 20

ANS effect on skin

Back 20

SYM: vasoconstriction, sweating
PARA: none

Front 21

Skeletal nicotinic receptors are agonized by ___ and antagonized by ___.

Back 21

nicotine
curare

Front 22

GIT smooth muscle has ___ic, ___ic, and ___ic synapses.

Back 22

muscarinic
adrenergic (NE)
serotonergic

Front 23

GIT mucosa has __ic and __ic synapses

Back 23

muscarinic
adrenergic (NE)

Front 24

Parasympathetic nicotinic receptors are agonized by ___ and antagonized by ___.

Back 24

nicotine
hexamethonium

Front 25

Parasympathetic muscarinic receptors are agonized by ___ and antagonized by ___.

Back 25

muscarine
atropine

Front 26

Sympathetic nicotinic receptors are agonized by ___ and antagonized by ___.

Back 26

nicotine
hexamethonium

Front 27

T/F: Hexamethonium is not a good antihypertensive.

Back 27

True (acts on both SYM & PARA)

Front 28

neuropeptide Y action

Back 28

vasoconstriction

Front 29

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) action

Back 29

vasodilation

Front 30

P1 receptor action

Back 30

vasodilation

Front 31

P1R is agonized by ___ and antagonized by ___

Back 31

adenosine
methylxanthines (caffeine)

Front 32

P2R is agonized by ___

Back 32

ATP, ADP

Front 33

Y is converted to ___ by ___.

Back 33

DOPA
Y hydroxylase

Front 34

DOPA is converted to ___ by ___.

Back 34

DA
DOPA decarboxylase (AAADC)

Front 35

DA is imported to vesicles by ___.

Back 35

VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter)

Front 36

DA is converted to ___ by ___.

Back 36

NE
DBH (DA beta hydroxylase)

Front 37

In ___, NE is converted to ___ by ___, in the ___.

Back 37

adrenal medulla
E
PNMT (phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase)
cytoplasm

Front 38

VMAT is blocked by ___.

Back 38

reserpine

Front 39

MAO action

Back 39

replaes alpha amino group with hydroxy or carboxy

Front 40

COMT action

Back 40

replaces 3-hydroxy with methoxy

Front 41

After MAO-COMT in either order, DA becomes ___

Back 41

HVA (homovanillic acid)

Front 42

After MAO-COMT in either order, E becomes ___ and NE becomes ___

Back 42

both become MHPG

Front 43

After COMT, E becomes ___ and NE becomes ___.

Back 43

metanephrine
normetanephrine

Front 44

adrenal pheochromocytomas make more ___ than ___, but other ones do the opposite

Back 44

E
NE

Front 45

markers for pheochromocytoma

Back 45

urinary free catecholamines
VMA
metanephrines

Front 46

MAO-A is inhibited by ___

Back 46

clorgyline
phenelzine
tranylcypromine

Front 47

MAO-B is inhibited by ___

Back 47

deprenyl
rasagiline
phenelzine
tranylcypromine

Front 48

MAO-A substrates are (4)

Back 48

NE
serotonin
DA
tyramine

Front 49

MAO-B substrates are

Back 49

phenylethylamine
benzylamine

Front 50

___ has mostly alpha effects at therapeutic doses, but ___ has ___ effects at low doses and ___ effects at high doses.

Back 50

NE
E
beta
alpha

Front 51

Isoproteronol has much greater affinity for ___ than ___. Therefore it causes ___.

Back 51

beta
alpha
+ inotropism, + chronotropism, vasodilation

Front 52

isoproteronol action

Back 52

beta1, 2 agonist

Front 53

prazosin action

Back 53

alpha 1 antagonist

Front 54

phentolamine action

Back 54

alpha 1, 2 antagonist

Front 55

E after phentolamine demonstrates ___

Back 55

E reversal: only beta effect

Front 56

beta receptor is agonized nonselectively by ___ and antagonized nonselectively by ___

Back 56

isoproteronol
propranolol

Front 57

phenylephrine action

Back 57

selective alpha 1 agonist

Front 58

clonidine action

Back 58

selective alpha 2 agonist

Front 59

beta 1 has greater affinity for ___, whereas beta 2 has greater affinity for ___. ___ agonizes both equally

Back 59

NE
albuterol
E

Front 60

in addition to cardiac effects, beta 1 agonists cause release of ___

Back 60

renin

Front 61

yohimbine action

Back 61

alpha 2 antagonist

Front 62

alpha 1 acts via

Back 62

Gq -> PLC, PLA, Ca channels

Front 63

alpha 2 acts via

Back 63

Gi -> adenylate cyclase
Go -> calcium channels

Front 64

beta acts via

Back 64

Gs -> adenylate cyclase

Front 65

E is used for

Back 65

cardiac arrest
anaphylaxis
hemostasis

Front 66

NE is used for

Back 66

little (some patients with shock + vasodilation)

Front 67

dobutamine action

Back 67

selective beta 1 agonist

Front 68

dobutamine is used for

Back 68

heart failure

Front 69

DA is used for

Back 69

shock

Front 70

albuterol action

Back 70

selective beta 2 agonist

Front 71

albuterol is used for (2)

Back 71

bronchodilation for asthma
delaying premature delivery

Front 72

clonidine is used for

Back 72

antihypertension

Front 73

naphthazoline, oxymetazoline action

Back 73

alpha 1, 2 agonists

Front 74

naphthazoline, oxymetazoline used for

Back 74

nasal decongestion

Front 75

nonselective beta agonists (2)

Back 75

E
isoproteronol

Front 76

nonselective beta antagonist

Back 76

propranolol

Front 77

beta1 agonists (2)

Back 77

dobutamine
NE

Front 78

beta1 antagonist

Back 78

atenolol

Front 79

beta2 agonist

Back 79

albuterol

Front 80

beta3 agonists (2)

Back 80

BRL-37344
NE

Front 81

nonselective alpha agonists (2)

Back 81

E
NE

Front 82

nonselective alpha antagonists (3)

Back 82

phentolamine
phenoxybenzamine
ergot alkaloids

Front 83

alpha1 agonist

Back 83

phenylephrine

Front 84

alpha1 antagonist

Back 84

prazosin

Front 85

alpha2 agonist

Back 85

clonidine

Front 86

alpha2 antagonist

Back 86

yohimbine

Front 87

use E for (3)

Back 87

anaphylactic shock
cardiac arrest
hemostasis

Front 88

use DA for

Back 88

cardiovascular shock

Front 89

use dobutamine for

Back 89

acute HF