Pharmacology And Toxicology

Front 1

Pharmacology

Back 1

the scientific study of the origin, nature, and
effects of drugs

Front 2

Drug

Back 2

any chemical compound, other than food, used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of
disease

Front 3

Generic name

Back 3

describes the principle ingredients. It is the formal name of the drug

Front 4

Maximum dose

Back 4

largest quantity that can be given without probable harmful effects.

Front 5

Pharmacology

Back 5

the scientific study of the origin, nature, and effects of drugs

Front 6

Usual/Therapeutic dose

Back 6

amount of a drug necessary to produce a desired effect

Front 7

Toxicology

Back 7

scientific study of the nature and effects of toxic substances

Front 8

Trade/Brand name

Back 8

name
created by the manufacturer.

Front 9

Chemical Name

Back 9

describes the chemical make-up of a drug.

Front 10

excellent sources for drug
information

Back 10

The Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR), Hospital Formulary, and
Nursing Drug Handbooks

Front 11

ANTICOAGULANTS Agents

Back 11

prevent or delay coagulation (clotting)
of the blood by interfering with the formation of the necessary clotting factors.They don't dissolve a blood clot.

Front 12

ANTICOAGULANTS Agents

Back 12

Indications: Myocardial infarctions (Heart attacks), poor circulation conditions, artificial heart values, atrial fibrillation

Front 13

ANTICOAGULANTS Agents

Back 13

Contraindications: Hemophilia, active hemorrhage. Example: 1. Warfarin (Coumadin) 2. Exonaprin (Lovenox)

Front 14

ANTIARRHYTHMICS

Back 14

Help restore the normal functions of the heart by increasing contractibility of a
failing heart muscle which results in an increased stroke volume and cardiac output.

Front 15

ANTIARRHYTHMICS

Back 15

Indications: Treatment of congestive
heart failure. Example: 1. Cardizem (Diltiazem). 2. Lopressor (Metoprolol)

Front 16

MILD ANALGESICS Agents

Back 16

that alleviate mild to moderate pain

Front 17

MILD ANALGESICS Agents

Back 17

Example: Aspirin (Acetylsalicyclic Acid) Tylenol (Acetaminophen) Use Tylenol if
patient is allergic to Aspirin

Front 18

DIURETICS

Back 18

Reduce circulatory volume fluid and prevent or eliminate edema by increasing urinary
excretion

Front 19

DIURETICS

Back 19

Indications: Congestive heart failure, generalized edema, hypertension, edema associated with liver disease,
or premenstrual fluid retention.

Front 20

DIURETICS

Back 20

Contraindication: Dehydration. Example: 1. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 2. Lasix
(Fuosemide)

Front 21

ANTIDEPRESSANTS Agents

Back 21

prevents or relieve depression by adjusting levels of
chemicals in the brain

Front 22

ANTIDEPRESSANTS Agents

Back 22

Indications: Depression Example: 1. Fluoxetine (Prozac) 2. Paroxetine (Paxil)

Front 23

ANTIHISTAMINES/DECONGESTANT

Back 23

Indications: Symptomatic relief of seasonal hay fever. Example: 1. Actifed
(Triprolidine HCL and Pseudoephedrine HCL).
Drug

Front 24

EXPECTORANTS

Back 24

agents that enhance the secretion of sputum by the air passages so that it is easier to cough.

Front 25

ANTITUSSIVES

Back 25

agents that suppress cough reflex

Front 26

ANTIHISTAMINES/DECONGESTANT

Back 26

Indications: Relief or suppression of respiratory conditions
characterized by dry, nonproductive cough due to the presence of mucus in respiratory tract, or suppress cough reflex.
Examples: 1. Robitussin (Guaifenesin) 2. Robitussin DM (Guaifenesin DM)

Front 27

LAXATIVES Agents

Back 27

which facilitate the passage of feces through the
colon and elimination through the rectum.

Front 28

LAXATIVES Agents

Back 28

Indications: Short term treatment of constipation. Preparation for studies
(Xray), examinations (proctoscopy), and preoperative and postoperative preparation. Example: 1. Dulcolax (Bisacodyl) 2.
Milk of Magnesia USP (MOM)

Front 29

ANTACIDS Drugs

Back 29

counteract or neutralize acidity in the stomach or to correct a low alkalinity in body fluids. Normal
stomach fluids are acid in nature. Stomach contents which become too acidic irritate the mucous membranes and cause
symptoms commonly spoken of as indigestion or dyspepsia.

Front 30

ANTACIDS Drugs

Back 30

Antacids such as sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide,
magnesium carbonate, or milk of magnesia are indicated in this condition. The intestinal tract is normally slightly alkaline.
As a result of disease it may become acid, which usually causes diarrhea.

Front 31

ANTACIDS Drugs

Back 31

Indications: Hyperacidity associated with
peptic ulcer or heartburn (burning sensation in the esophagus), prevention (prophylaxis) of gastrointestinal bleeding or
stress ulcers.Simethicone aids in the relief of mucus and entrapped air or gas. Example: 1. Maalox (Magnesium and
Aluminum Hydroxide). 2. Mylanta (Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide, and Simethicone)