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38 Cards in this Set

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bacteriostatic

biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from responding

bactericidal

biological or chemical agent that kills bacteria

gram positive bacteria

have thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall that stains violet when gram staining is used

gram negative bacteria

cannot retain the stain. due to the thin peptidoglycan layer

inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

bacteria have thick cell walls.


transpeptidase enzymes strengthen cell walls by cross bridge stands


penicillin and cephalosporins inhibit transpeptidases.... weaken bacteria cell wall

inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

macrolide antibiotics inhibit bacterial RNA dependant protein synthesis.




protein synthesis is important for bacteriums growth, reproduction and repair processes.




macrolides are bacteriostatic = inhibit the growth of bacteria but do not kill

what antibiotic does not have an effect on beta- lactamase

penicillin

side effects of antibiotics

thrush, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, candida

indications for Benzylpenicillin

Intrapartum prophylaxis against group b strep

spectrum for Benzylpenicillin

Middle to board - effective against most gram positive bacteria and some gram negative

dose of Benzylpenicillin

Sloe intravenous injection or infusion 3g loading dose then 1.5g every four hours until delivery

Mechanism of benzylpenicillin

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

indications for Amoxicillin

Uncomplicated UTI

Spectrum for Amoxicillin

Mid to board

Dose of Amoxicillin

500mg every 8 hours for 5-7 days




often given with beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clauvanic acid

mechanism of Amoxicillin

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Indication for Flucloxacillin

Mastitis

Spectrum of Flucloxacillin

Narrow

mechanism of flucloxacillin

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

is flucloxacillin resistant to beta-lactamase

YES

Dosage of Flucloxacillin

500mg every 6 hours for 10-14 days

example of a cephalosporins antibiotic

Cephalexin

indications for Cephalexin

UTI or skin infection - only if not susceptible to drugs of first choice

mechanism of action for cephalexin

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Dosage of Cephalexin

250mg every 6 hours or 500mg every 8-12 hours

is cephalexin resistant to beta- lactamase

YES

What is an alternative to penicillin

Macrolides such as Erythromycin and Azithromycin

indication to use erythromycin or Azithromycin

second line treatment for individuals allergic to penicillin


And group B Strep

Dosage of Erythromycin

500mg iv 6 hourly until birth

Dosage of Azithromycin

100mg stat

Mechanism of action of Erythromycin and Azithromycin

Bacteriostatic


inhibits bacterial RNA dependent protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit

Adverse effects of erythromycin and azithromycin

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and candida.


RARE: hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylais, hepatotocisty.....

Practice point for Erythromycin and Azithromycin

caution for women that have hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics or previous history of jaundice.

Indications for Sulfonamides

Acute UTI

Indications for Nitrofurantoin

UTI

Mechanism for Nitrofurantoin

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis


inhibits bacterial ribosomal proteins


interferes with bacterial DNA and RNA

Indications for Matronidazole

Bacterial Vaginitis, trichomonas vaginallis

mechanism of action for metronidazole

Penetrates into body fluids and can cross placenta