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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bacteriostatic |
biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from responding |
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bactericidal |
biological or chemical agent that kills bacteria |
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gram positive bacteria |
have thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall that stains violet when gram staining is used |
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gram negative bacteria |
cannot retain the stain. due to the thin peptidoglycan layer |
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inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis |
bacteria have thick cell walls. transpeptidase enzymes strengthen cell walls by cross bridge stands penicillin and cephalosporins inhibit transpeptidases.... weaken bacteria cell wall |
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inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis |
macrolide antibiotics inhibit bacterial RNA dependant protein synthesis. protein synthesis is important for bacteriums growth, reproduction and repair processes. macrolides are bacteriostatic = inhibit the growth of bacteria but do not kill |
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what antibiotic does not have an effect on beta- lactamase |
penicillin |
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side effects of antibiotics |
thrush, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, candida |
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indications for Benzylpenicillin |
Intrapartum prophylaxis against group b strep |
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spectrum for Benzylpenicillin |
Middle to board - effective against most gram positive bacteria and some gram negative |
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dose of Benzylpenicillin |
Sloe intravenous injection or infusion 3g loading dose then 1.5g every four hours until delivery |
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Mechanism of benzylpenicillin |
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
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indications for Amoxicillin |
Uncomplicated UTI |
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Spectrum for Amoxicillin |
Mid to board |
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Dose of Amoxicillin |
500mg every 8 hours for 5-7 days often given with beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clauvanic acid |
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mechanism of Amoxicillin |
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
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Indication for Flucloxacillin |
Mastitis |
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Spectrum of Flucloxacillin |
Narrow |
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mechanism of flucloxacillin |
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
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is flucloxacillin resistant to beta-lactamase |
YES |
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Dosage of Flucloxacillin |
500mg every 6 hours for 10-14 days |
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example of a cephalosporins antibiotic |
Cephalexin |
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indications for Cephalexin |
UTI or skin infection - only if not susceptible to drugs of first choice |
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mechanism of action for cephalexin |
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
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Dosage of Cephalexin |
250mg every 6 hours or 500mg every 8-12 hours |
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is cephalexin resistant to beta- lactamase |
YES |
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What is an alternative to penicillin |
Macrolides such as Erythromycin and Azithromycin |
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indication to use erythromycin or Azithromycin |
second line treatment for individuals allergic to penicillin And group B Strep |
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Dosage of Erythromycin |
500mg iv 6 hourly until birth |
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Dosage of Azithromycin |
100mg stat |
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Mechanism of action of Erythromycin and Azithromycin |
Bacteriostatic inhibits bacterial RNA dependent protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit |
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Adverse effects of erythromycin and azithromycin |
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and candida. RARE: hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylais, hepatotocisty..... |
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Practice point for Erythromycin and Azithromycin |
caution for women that have hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics or previous history of jaundice. |
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Indications for Sulfonamides |
Acute UTI |
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Indications for Nitrofurantoin |
UTI |
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Mechanism for Nitrofurantoin |
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibits bacterial ribosomal proteins interferes with bacterial DNA and RNA |
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Indications for Matronidazole |
Bacterial Vaginitis, trichomonas vaginallis |
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mechanism of action for metronidazole |
Penetrates into body fluids and can cross placenta |