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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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angina pectoris
def |
chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart
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arteriosclerosis
def |
hardening of fibrosis of the arteries
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artherosclerosis
def |
accumulation of fatty deposits in the walls of arteries
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AV
def |
atrioventricular
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CAD
def |
coronary artery disease
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CHF
def |
congestive heart failure
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conduction system
def |
specialized cardiac tissue that regulates the activity of the heart
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ECG
def |
(electrocardiogram)
recording of the electrical activity of the heart |
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MI
def |
(myocardial infarction)
heart attack |
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myocardium
def |
heart muscle
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SA
def |
(sinoatrial)
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ATP
def |
(adenosine triphosphatase)
enzyme that energizes the sodium/potassium pump and is inhibited by glycosides |
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cardiac glycoside
def |
drug obtained from plants of the genus Digitalis
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CHF
def |
(congestive heart failure)
condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to the tissues of the body. |
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digitalization
def |
method of dosage with cardiac glycosides that rapidly produces effective drug levels
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ectopic beat
def |
extra heartbeat
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hypercalcemia
def |
high serum calcium
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hyperkalemia
def |
high serum potassium
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hypokalemia
def |
low serum potassium
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maintenance dose
def |
daily dosage of glycoside that maintains effective drug levels in the blood.
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antiarrhythmic drug
def |
drug used to restore normal cardiac rhythm
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arrhythmia
def |
disorder of cardiac conduction
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cinchonism
def |
quinidine toxicity
characterized by ringing in the ears (tinnitus), dizziness, and headache |
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tinnitus
def |
ringing in the ears
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ectopic focus
def |
area of the heart from which abnormal impulses originate
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hyperglycemia
def |
elevated blood glucose level
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nystagmus
def |
involuntary movt of the eyes
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premature atrial contraction
def |
premature contraction of the atria, usually caused by an ectopic focus
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PVC
def |
(premature ventricular contraction)
premature contraction of the ventricles, usually caused by an ectopic focus. |
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suptraventricular arrhythmia
def |
arrhythmia that originates in the atrial or AV (atrioventricular) nodal area.
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AV node
def |
atrioventricular node
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ventricular fibrillation
def |
the most serious arrhythmia;
can result in cardiac arrest and death |
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angina pectoris
def |
chest pain due to decreased blood flow to the heart
treated with nitrates |
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coronary artery
def |
artery that supplies blood flow to the heart
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exertional angina
def |
angina pectoris caused by increased physical exertion
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vasospastic angina
def |
angina pectoris caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries.
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ACE
def |
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
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ACE inhibitors
def |
medicines that block the conversion of the chemical angiotensin I to a substance that increases salt and water retention in the body.
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commonly used ACE inhibitors
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benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace),trandolapril (Mavik).
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acetylcholine
def |
released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses in the body
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arteriosclerosis
def |
hardening of fibrosis of the arteries
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atherosclerosis
def |
accumulation of fatty deposits in the walls of arteries
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atria
def |
blood collection chamber of the heart
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automaticity
def |
the ability of the cardiac muscles to depolarize spontaneously, i.e without external electrical stimulation from the nervous system. This spontaneous depolarization is due to the plasma membranes within the heart that have reduced permeability to potassium (K+) but still allow passive transfer of calcium ions, allowing a net charge to build. Automaticity is most often demonstrated in the sinoatrial node, the so called "Pacemaker of the Heart."
Abnormalities in automaticity result in rhythm changes. |
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autonomic nervous system
def |
The part of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates involuntary action, as of the intestines, heart, and glands, and that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
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autohythmicity
def |
the heart itself (not external nerves) is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
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beta blockers
def |
a class of drugs that block beta-adrenergic substances such as adrenaline (epinephrine), a key agent in the "sympathetic" portion of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system which controls many important organs and tissues in the body including the heart, blood vessels, and air passages in the lung.
relieve stress on the heart. They slow the heart beat and lessen the force with which the heart muscle contracts Beta blockers can serve to treat abnormal heart rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias). They are used specifically to prevent abnormally fast heart rates (tachycardias) or irregular heart rhythms such as premature ventricular beats |
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calcium channel blockers
def |
decrease the force of contraction of the myocardium (muscle of the heart). This is known as the negative inotropic effect of calcium channel blockers. It is because of the negative inotropic effects of most calcium channel blockers that they are avoided (or used with caution) in individuals with cardiomyopathy.
also slow down the conduction of electrical activity within the heart, by blocking the calcium channel during the plateau phase of the action potential of the heart |
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calcium antagonists
def |
decrease the force of contraction of the myocardium (muscle of the heart). This is known as the negative inotropic effect of calcium channel blockers. It is because of the negative inotropic effects of most calcium channel blockers that they are avoided (or used with caution) in individuals with cardiomyopathy.
also slow down the conduction of electrical activity within the heart, by blocking the calcium channel during the plateau phase of the action potential of the heart |
