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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A common side effects of INF treatment is?
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Neutropenia
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis for a history of recurrent UTIs
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TMP-SMZ
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Gonorrhea
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Ceftriaxone
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Meningococcal infection
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Rifampin (DOC), minocycline
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis for PCP
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TMP-SMZ (DOC), aerosolized pentamidine
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Syphilis
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Benzathine penicillin G
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Are Aminoglycosides Teratogenic?
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YES
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Are Ampicillin and Amoxicillin penicillinase resistant?
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NO
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Are Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin penicillinase resistant?
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NO
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Are Methicillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxacillin penicillinase resistant?
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YES
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Clinical use of Isoniazid (INH)?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB
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Common side effects associated with Clindamycin include?
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Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile), fever, diarrhea
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Common toxicities associated with Fluoroquinolones?
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GI upset, Superinfections, Skin rashes, Headache, Dizziness
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Common toxicities associated with Griseofulvin are…...?
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Teratogenic, Carcinogenic, Confusion, Headaches
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Describe the MOA of Interferons (INF)
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Glycoproteins from leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis
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Do Tetracyclines penetrate the CNS?
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Only in limited amounts
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Does Ampicillin or Amoxicillin have a greater oral bioavailability?
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AmOxicillin has greater Oral bioavailability
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Does Amprotericin B cross the BBB?
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NO
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Does Foscarnet require activation by a viral kinase?
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NO
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Foscarnet toxicity?
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Nephrotoxicity
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Ganciclovir associated toxicities?
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Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal toxicity
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How are INFs used clinically?
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Chronic Hepatitis A and B, Kaposi's Sarcoma
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How are Sulfonamides employed clinically?
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Gram +, Gram -, Norcardia, Chlamydia
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How are the HIV drugs used clinically?
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Triple Therapy' 2 Nucleoside RT Inhibitors with a Protease Inhibitor
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How are the Latent Hypnozoite (Liver) forms of Malaria (P. vivax, P.ovale) treated?
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Primaquine
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How can Isoniazid (INH)-induced neurotoxicity be prevented?
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Pyridoxine (B6) administration
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How can the toxic effects fo TMP be ameliorated?
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With supplemental Folic Acid
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How can Vancomycin-induced 'Red Man Syndrome' be prevented?
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Pretreat with antihistamines and a slow infusion rate
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How do Sulfonamides act on bacteria?
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As PABA antimetabolites that inhibit Dihydropteroate Synthase, Bacteriostatic
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How do the Protease Inhibitors work?
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Inhibt Assembly of new virus by Blocking Protease Enzyme
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How does Ganciclovir's toxicity relate to that of Acyclovir?
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Ganciclovir is more toxic to host enzymes
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How does resistance to Vancomycin occur?
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With an amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac
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How is Acyclovir used clinically?
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HSV, VZV, EBV, Mucocutaneous and Genital Herpes Lesions, Prophylaxis in Immunocompromised pts
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How is Amantadine used clinically?
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Prophylaxis for Influenza A, Rubella ; Parkinson's disease
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How is Amphotericin B administered for fungal meningitis?
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Intrathecally
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How is Amphotericin B used clinically?
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Wide spectrum of systemic mycoses: Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor
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How is Chloramphenical used clinically?
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Meningitis (H. influenza, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae), Conserative treatment due to toxicities
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How is Foscarnet used clinically?
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CMV Retinitis in IC pts when Ganciclovir fails
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How is Ganciclovir activated?
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Phosphorylation by a Viral Kinase
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How is Ganciclovir used clinically?
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CMV, esp in Immunocompromised patients
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How is Griseofulvin used clinically?
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Oral treatment of superficial infections
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How is Leishmaniasis treated?
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Pentavalent Antimony
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How is Ribavirin used clinically?
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for RSV
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How is Rifampin used clinically?
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1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2. Delays resistance to Dapsone when used of Leprosy 3. Used in combination with other drugs
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How is Trimethoprim used clinically?
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Used in combination therapy with SMZ to sequentially block folate synthesis
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How is Vancomycin used clinically?
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For serious, Gram + multidrug-resistant organisms
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How would you treat African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
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Suramin
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In what population does Gray Baby Syndrome occur? Why?
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Premature infants, because they lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase
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