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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In patients who have glaucoma
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increased intraocular pressure is most often caused by a _________ in the ________ of aqueous humor blockage & outflow
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Classification of pilocarpine HCI (Adsorbocarpine) miotic
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direct-acting cholinergic agonist
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Classification of demecarium bromide (Humorsol) miotic
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cholinesterase inhibitor
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Classification of apraclonidine (Iopidine) alpha2-adrenergic agonist
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direct acting
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What kind of patient could not use acetazolamide (Diamox)
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a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor? A patient with an allergy to sulfonamides
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In addition to flaucoma
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the carbonic anhydrase inhibito acetazolamide (Diamox) is also prescribed for what? Seizures
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The patient has an order for acetazolamide (Diamox) 250mg
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PO tid. What is the total amount of Diamox the patient will receive in 24 hours? 750mg
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Drugs used to soothe and soften the skin
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as in the case of psoriasis
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Itching associated with dry
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scaly skin is called? Pruritus
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Other and keratolytic agents
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two classes of drugs offer some protection against acne including ___________&___________________. Antibiotics
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Classification of permethrin (Acticin
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Elimite
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Exposure to perfume
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cosmetics
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Juvenile-onset diabetes is called _________
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age-onset diabetes is referred to as _____________. Type I diabetes Mellitus
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In type II diabetes mellitus
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insulin receptors in the target tissues have become__________ to the hormone. resistant
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Classification of glyburide (Diabeta
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others) Sulfonylurea
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When giving insulin
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the nurse knows the most common route of administration is … Subcutaneous
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Which insulin is the longer acting form? Insulin ultralente (Humulin U
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Ultralente)
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What adverse effects occure when too much insulin has been administered? Hypoglycemia
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Tachycardia
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When giving oral hypoglcemics
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the nurse expects what to occur The pancreas is stimulated to secrete more insulin and the insulin receptors become more sensitive to target tissue.
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During oral hypoglycemic therapy
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the nurse should assess for what symptoms related to abnormalities in liver function? Yellowed skin
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If injection sites are not rotated regularly
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the diabetic patient may suffer from … Lipodystrophy
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When considering glucose regulation in the body
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what components of homeostasis would be restored following insulin therapy? Effector (responds to the increased levels of glucose in the bloodstream)
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If a patient is prescribed regular insulin (Humulin R
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others) and is also prescribed antihypertensive drugs
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MAO inhibitors used for treatment of _________ may potentiate hypoglycemic effects when used with _____________. Mood disorders
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insulin
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The physician ordered Humulin L
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lente U-100 35 units
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When administering antidiuretic hormones
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the nurse should carefully assess fluid and _________________ balance. Electrolytes
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Prior to administration of levothyroxine (Synthroid)
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the nurse should thoroughly assess the patient's _____________ system Cardiovascular
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Graves' disease may cause tachycardia
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weight loss
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Prednisone (deltasone
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others) is/are a . . . Glucocorticoids
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Liotrix (Euthroid
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others) is/are . . . Thyroid medication
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Which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland? TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
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GH (Growth Hormone)
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What hormones will ultimately result in release of flucocorticoids from the adrenal glands? Corticortropin releasing factor (CRF)
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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In caring for a patient with Cushing's syndrome
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the nurse understands this disorder is associated with which hormone? Glucocorticoids
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Which corticosteroids has mineralocorticoid activity? Hydrocortisone (Cortef
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others)
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Vitamins are essential substances needed in very small ________ to maintain ______. Amounts
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Homeostasis
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An important characteristic of vitamins is that
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with the exception of vitamin ____
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Without vitamin K
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abnormal ____________________ is produced and _____________. Is affected Porthrombin
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Vitamins that dissolve in lipids are called _________________ and include vitamins ____
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_______
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_______________ vitamins cannot be absorbed in the small _________________ but can be stored in large quattities in the _________________ and adipose tissue. Fat Soluble
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Intestines
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Recommended ______________ values represent the ___________________ amount of vitamin or minderal needed to prevent a ___________ in a helathy adult. Dietary Allowence (RDA)
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Minimum
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_______________
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or toxic levels of vitamins
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Vitamin D2
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also know as __________ is obtained from fortified milk
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________ is considered a primary antioxidant
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preventing the formation of ___________ that damage cell membranes and other cellular structures. Vitamin E
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These are fat soluble vitamins A
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D
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Name three things that vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) does. Important in cell replication
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Lack result inpernicious anemia
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Enternal nutrition inludes all of the following: Nasogastric tube feeding
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gastrostomy tube feeding
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When the patient is on loop diuretics
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the nurse will need to assess for which lab value? Potassium
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Hypomagnesemia will produce which symptoms? General weakness
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hypertension
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The patient complains of gnawing pain the epigastric area that is tempoarily relieved by food
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but then recurs within 30 min after eating. The patient has a history of PUD. Which diagnosis should the nurse suspect? Gastric ulcer
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B cells initiate ________ immunity and secrete __________ that neutralize or mark the antigen for destruction by other cells in the immune system. Humoral
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Antibodies
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When the patient's immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies due to exposure to a specific antigen
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it is referred to as _____________ immunity. Active
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Immunostimulants
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referred to as __________
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Immunosuppressants are effective at inhibiting a patient's immune system
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but must be monitored carefully as loss of immune functions can lead to ________. Superinfections
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Four drug classes used to dampen the immune response are _____
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_____
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Classification of cyclosporine (Neoral
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Sandimmune) Clalcineurin inhibitor
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Classification of poliovirus
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oral (Orimune) Vaccine
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Memory B cells are programmed to remember the initial antigen interaction. Should the body be exposed to the same antigen in the future
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the body manufactures high levels of antibodies in approximately what time frame? 2 to 3 days
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To present effective patient education
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the nurse must know that the purpose of a vaccine is? To prevent infections from occuring
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When providing patient education
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the nurse needs to understand that a toxoid is classified as. . . Vaccine
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A Male patient is to receive cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CytoGam). The order reads: to be given IV 150mg/kg within 72 hours of transplantation
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than 100mg/kg 2
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Sodium and potassium are exchanged in the _______________ tubule
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where NA+ is _______ back into the body and K+ is __________ into the tubule Distal
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Name the parts of the nephron Efferent Arteriole
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Pertitubular capillaries
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Drugs
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such as penicillin G
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Which of the following - CNS depression
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Diarrhea
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Drug therapy of Parkinson's disease focuses on restoring ______ function and also blcoing the effect of _____________ withing the same area of the brain. Dopamine
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acetylcholine
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_______________ is a degenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss
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confusion
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The most common causes of dementia are ____________ and ____________________ Alzheimer's disease
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multiple strokes
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Extensive treatment with certain _________ medications may induce Parkinson-like syndrome or _____________ symptoms. Antipsychotic
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extrapyramidal
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Side effects of drugs used to treat Parkinsonism include ____________ and _____________. Signs of toxicity would include ________________ and ___________ Hypotension
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tachycardia; muscle twiching
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When treating alzheimer's disease
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the goal of pharmacotherapy is to improve the function in three domains: _________
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____________ can only be used in the early stages of Alzheimer's because they are only effective in the presence of ___________neurons. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
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funtioning
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What is the Primary classification of levodopa (L-dopa
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Larodopa) Dopaminergic drug
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A patient is admitted with a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. If he is in the early stages
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what would usually not be seen on assessment? Dementia
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What is the relationship between acetylcholine and dopamine in the area of the brain that affects balance
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posture
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If a patient is unable to tolerate dopaminergic medications
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which class of drugs would likely be prescribed? Anticholinergic drugs
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When a patient takes phenothiazines for an extended time
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what conditions would the nurse expect to see? Parkinsonism
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Succinimides
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barbiturates
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Tacrin (Cognex) is highly metabolized by the liver. During the process of metabolism
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what happens to the medication? It is made more or less inactive
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Because local anesthesia is not always applied to small areas of the body
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some local anesthetic treatments are more accurately called ________ anesthesia Regional
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The two major ways to induce general anethesia are by using ____ agents and ___ agents. IV
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Inhalation
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Local anesthesia is loss of _________to a small area without loss of _________. Sensation
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Consciousnes
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In applying local anesthesia the method employed depends on __________ and ________________ Location
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Desire of anastesia
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In the are where the local anesthetic is applied
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__________ and __________ will temporarily diminish. Sensation
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Drug classes used as adjunts to anesthesia include ____________
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____________
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With __________ anesthesia
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the dose of inhalation anesthetic can be ____ thus making the procedure safer for the patient. Balanced
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What is the classification of fentanyl (Duragesic
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Actiq
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What is the classification of promethazine (Phenergan
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others) Adjunct to anesthesia
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In administering general anethetics using balanced anethesia
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the nurse would expect which medication to be administered first? IV anesthesia
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In addition to its use as an injected anesthetic
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what is lorazepam (Ativan) also used to treat? Anxiety
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Of the following which is a hallucinogen - Psilocybin
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Cocaine
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The two main classes of pain medications are the _____________ and ______. narcotics
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Nonnarcotics
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All nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have _________ and ___ activity
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as well as analgesic properties. Anti-inflammation
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The sensation of pan may be increased by ___________
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_____
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Successful choice of pain therapy is dependent on the _______ and ________ of the pain. Character
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Nature
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The goals of pharmacotherapy for migraine are to _____ the migraine in progress and to ____ migraines from occuring. Stop
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Prevent
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Two major drug classes used for migraine headaches include __________ and ____________. Both of these are ____________ agonists. Triptans
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Ergot Alkoloids
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Triptans are 5-HT-selective and are thought to act by constricting ________________. They are available to be administered _____________
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________
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ibuprofen (advil
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Motrin) primary class NSAID
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___________ dull
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throbbing
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Painful disorder having a strong inflammatory component
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such as arthritis
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When asked why NSAIDs are better that acetaminophen for arthritis
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the health care provider responds
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When a health care provider is asked to explain why acetaminophen (Tylenol) is used more often than aspirin
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the response is that aspirin can cause . . . GI bleeding
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A mother asks why aspirin should not be given to children and teens. The appropriate reaction by health care provider is based on the actions of aspirin
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which can cause. . . Increased risk of Reye's syndrome
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For an overdose of opiates
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what would the helath care provider need to have on hand to counteract the effects? Naloxone (Narcan)
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Acute psychoses develops in __________________
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whereas chronic psychoses develops over ________________. Hours or days
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Atypical antipsychotic drugs are effective for both ____________ and ________ suptoms of psychosis. Positive
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Negative
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The majority of psychoses have no known __________________. The six identifiable causes are ____________
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________
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Positive symptoms include ____________
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____________
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Negative symptoms include a lack of ____________
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____________
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Medications that block 65% of D2 receptors will reduce symptoms of _______________. Blocking more than 80% of D2 receptors will likely casue _____________ symptoms. Schizoprenia
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Extrapyradial
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________________an extreme suspicion that one is being followed
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or that others are trying to harm oneself. Paranoia
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___________________ seeing
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hearing
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Which class of drugs tends to produce severe side effects such as muscle twiching
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compulsive motor activity
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Delusions
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hallucinations
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Like many antipsychotics
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chlorpromazine (Thorazine) usually takes how long before its therapeutic effect is achieved? The work book says 7 to 8 weeks but the main books says 2 to 3 weeks - arrg
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Patients on clozapine (Clozaril) must watch carefully for signs of agranulocytosis
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which include what? Fever and sore throat
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A patient who is on a phenothiazine complains of having elevated temperature
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sweating
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For a patient who has problems with daily compliance
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a drug is available that lasts for 3 weeks. Which drug would be a good choice for this patient? Haloperidol (Haldol LA)
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A patient has been prescribed an antipsychotic drug that has a high degree of anticholinergic side effects. Anticholinergic effects include what? Drying of the mouth
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sedation
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Patients on herbal supplements must be warned about interactions with other prescribed medications. What herbal preparations are sometimes taken to treat mental illness? Tryptophan
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St. John's wort
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Which of the following medications is an antidepressant? Diazepam (Valium)
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Phenytoin (Dilantin)
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The two major types of mood disorders are _____________ and _____________. Deppression
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Bipolar disorder
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The tree major classes of antidpressants are ________
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______________
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Drugs for bipolar disorders are called ____________________
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because they have the ability to modulate extreme shifts in emotions between _________ and ___________. Mood stabilizers
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Primary indication/class of nortriptyline hydrochloride (Anentyl
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Pamelor) depression/tricyclic type
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A patient is sent home after being given fluoxetine (Prozac) for depression. The nurse should instruct the patient to do what. . . Expect to see improvement in mood
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appetite
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When sending a patient home on imiparamine (Tofranil)
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what is important for the nurse to teach the patient? This drug should not be stopped abruptly
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In assessing a patient
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the nurse should know that rapid shifts in emotions from profound depression to euphoria and hyperactivity are characteristic of. . . Bipolar disorder
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Because fluoxetine is a chemical precursor for serotonin synthesis
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the nurse should teach patiens taking fluoxetine to avoid foods high in which amino acid? Tryptophan
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In assessing a new patient
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the nurse should know that the panic attacks
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The functional changes in the physical
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psychomotor
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During pregnancy
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weeks 1-2 are ___________ period
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By the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
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blood flow through the __ is reduced by 40% to 50% which may affect drug ________________ maternal kidney
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In older adults hepatic metabolism ______________
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which may require ______ drug dosages for this age group. decreases
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The taking of multiple drugs
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or _____________
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Animal studies have not shown a risk to the fetus; however
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there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Category B
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During the first trimester of pregnancy
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what is (are) the primary considerations(s) from a medical
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During a routine prenatal visit in her third trimester
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a patient informs the nurse that she is smoking again because of a stressufl situation at work. The nurse counsels the patient on the increased risk to the fetus. Why are the risks increased at this time? Blood flow to the placenta increases and placental vascular membranes become thinner.
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The nurse correctly provides the following education to a breast-feeding patient: No dietary supplement
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herb or drug should be taken without approval of the health care provider.
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When determining the correct method for calculating drug amount for infants
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what must the nurse consider? Age and size of the infant
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When assessing risk factors
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which age group must the nurse evaluate for a high risk for accidental poisoning from household products or drugs? Toddler
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Before administering a drug to an older adult
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the nurse should understand that the "average" does may be affected by which of the following normal consequences of aging? Older adults have reduced kidney function.
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During adolescence
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the nurse assumes a key role in the patient's education in relationship to which of the following? Use of tobacco and illicit drugs
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