Pharmacology 3 Drug Groups

Front 1

Hypolipidemic Drugs, Bile Acid Binding Resins (2)

Back 1

Colestipol (Colestid)
Cholestyramine (Questran)

Front 2

Hypolipidemic Drugs, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (6)

Back 2

Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Front 3

Hypolipidemic Drugs, Cholesterol absorption inhibitors (2)

Back 3

Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Vytorin

Front 4

Hypolipidemic Drugs, Agents that lower triglyceride (2)

Back 4

Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Fenofibrate

Front 5

Combo used to treat chylomicronemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia

Back 5

Niacin and fibrate

Front 6

Combo used to treat familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia

Back 6

Niacin and resin or statin

Front 7

Combo used to treat heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

Back 7

Niacin, statin, and resin

Front 8

Combo used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

Back 8

Niacin and atorvastatin

Front 9

Combo used to treat Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia

Back 9

Niacin and neomycin

Front 10

Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs, Oral Antiplatelet Drugs (6)

Back 10

Aspirin (acetelysalicylic acid, ASA)
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Aggrenox
Fish oils

Front 11

Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs, Parenteral Antiplatelet Drugs (3)

Back 11

Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban

Front 12

Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Parenteral Anticoagulants (4)

Back 12

Heparin
Heparin sulfate
LMWH (Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, Tinzaparin)
Protamine sulfate (Heparine Antidote)

Front 13

Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Oral Anticoagulant

Back 13

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Front 14

Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Parenteral Thrombolytic Drugs (4)

Back 14

Urokinase (Abbokinase)
Streptokinase (Streptase)
Anistreplase (Eminase)
t-PA (Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase)

Front 15

Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Parenteral Anticoagulants
Alternatives to heparins (4)

Back 15

Fondaparinux
Lepirudin
Argatroban
Bivalirudin

Front 16

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
ACE Inhibitors (2)
Prevent formation of angiotensin II and degradation of bradykinin
5-20% incidence of cough
Tendency for hyperkalemia
Precipitation of acute renal failure is used in HTN secondary to renal artery stenosis
Useful for HTN in diabetics

Back 16

Captopril (Capoten)
Enalapril (Vasotec)

Front 17

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
ARBs(3)
AT1 receptor antagonist
No potentiation of bradykinin system
Helpful in CHF, DM, and renal disease

Back 17

Losartan (Cozaar)
Irbesartan (Avapro)
Valsartan (Diovan)

Front 18

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Aldosterone receptor antagonists (2)
K+ sparing diuretics

Back 18

Spironolactone
Eplerenone (Inspra)

Front 19

Vasodilators
Drugs acting through the autonomic nervous system
Agents that block reuptake (2)

Back 19

Guanadrel (Hylorel)
Reserpine

Front 20

Vasodilators
Drugs acting through the autonomic nervous system
α2a agonists (3)
Effects result in a reduction in sympathetic outflow from the CNS

Back 20

Clonidine (Catapres)
Guanabenz (Wytensin)
Guanfacine (Tenex)

Front 21

Vasodilators
Direct vasodilator drugs (3)

Back 21

Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Sodium nitroprusside

Front 22

Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers
Inhibit Ca2+ influx through the L-type channel
Dihydropyridines (3)

Back 22

Nifedipine (Procardia)
Nifedipine (Adalat)
Nimodipine

Front 23

Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers
Inhibit Ca2+ influx through the L-type channel
non-Dihydropyridines (2)

Back 23

Verapamil
Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Front 24

Vasodilators
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
PD E5 inhibitor

Back 24

Sildenafil

Front 25

Diuretic Drugs
Proximal Tubule (2)

Back 25

Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Mannitol

Front 26

Diuretic Drugs
Loop of Henle (3)
Inhibit active chloride transport in the thick ascending limb
For patients with impaired renal function, refractory edema, acute pulmonary edema, or hypertensive crises

Back 26

Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

Front 27

Diuretic Drugs
Distal Tubule
Thiazides (5)
Effective at both extremes of acid-base balance
Compete for the chloride site on the Na+-Cl- co-transporter, also increases the reabsorption of calcium
Can cross placenta
First agents used in essential hypertension; low doses control hypertension without potassium loss, insulin resistance, or lipid elevation
Can cause hypokalemia and impotence

Back 27

Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Polythiazide (Renese)
Methyclothiazide (Enduron)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin)

Front 28

Diuretic Drugs
Distal Tubule
Non-Thiazides (4)
Non-benzothia-diazines, but with diuretic properties similar to thiazides

Back 28

Chlorthalidone
Quinethazone
Indapamide
Metolazone

Front 29

Diuretic Drugs
Collecting Ducts
Potassium-sparing, inhibit sodium reabsorption and decrease potassium excretion (2)

Back 29

Amiloride
Triamterene

Front 30

Diuretic Drugs
Collecting Ducts
Potassium sparing, aldosterone antagonist

Back 30

Spironolactone

Front 31

Anti-Anginal Drugs
Organic nitrates (target NO) (3)
Capable of denitration to release NO
Relax veins at low doses and large arteries at high doses
Stable, variant and unstable angina
Avoid PDE5 inhibitors

Back 31

Nitroglycerin (Nitrol, Nitrostat)
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
-Chewable
Isosorbide -5-mononitrate (Imdur)

Front 32

Anti-Anginal Drugs
Ca2+ channel antagonists
Act on both vascular smooth muscle and the myocardium
Predominantly arteriolar dilators
For variant angina, stable and unstable angina, and MI
Dihydropyridines (2)

Back 32

Nifedipine (Adalat)
Nimodipine

Front 33

Anti-Anginal Drugs
Ca2+ channel antagonists
Act on both vascular smooth muscle and the myocardium
Predominantly arteriolar dilators
For variant angina, stable and unstable angina, and MI
non-Dihydropyridines (2)

Back 33

Verapamil
(Calan, Isootin, Verelan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Front 34

Anti-Anginal Drugs
β-blockers
Reduce heart rate, contractility, and arterial blood pressure
For exertional angina, hypertension, arrhythmias
Cardioprotective post-MI
β1-selective (1)

Back 34

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Front 35

Anti-Anginal
Fatty acid oxidase inhibitor that increases the amount of ATP produced from glucose

Back 35

Ranolazine

Front 36

Positive Inotropic Drugs (3)

Back 36

Digitalis
Sympathomimetic Amines
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Front 37

Positive Inotropic Drugs
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (2)

Back 37

Inamrinone (Inocor)
Milrinone (Primacor)

Front 38

Arrhythmias
Class I- Fast Na+ channel blockers
Class IA

Back 38

Procainamide

Front 39

Arrhythmias
Class I- Fast Na+ channel blockers
ClassIB

Back 39

Lidocaine

Front 40

Arrhythmias
Class III- K+ channel blockers
Prolong repolarization (2)

Back 40

Amiodarone
Sotalol

Front 41

Arrhythmias
Class IV Ca2+ channel blockers

Back 41

Verapamil

Front 42

Arrhythmias
Other antiarrhythmic drugs (3)

Back 42

Adenosine
Digoxin
K+ Ion

Front 43

Arrhythmias
First choice for atrial fibrillation with atrioventricular conduction via accessory pathway (2)

Back 43

DC cardioversion
iv procainamide

Front 44

Arrhythmias
First choice for ventricular tachycardia with remote myocardial infarction

Back 44

Lidocaine

Front 45

Arrhythmias
First choice for ventricular premature beats

Back 45

Amiodarone

Front 46

Arrhythmias
First choice for Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (2)

Back 46

Adenosine
Verapamil

Front 47

Arrhythmias
First choice for Atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure

Back 47

Digoxin

Front 48

Pituitary hormones
Fully active GHRH receptor agonist that can be used to treat hypopituitary dwarfism resulting from a GHRH deficiency

Back 48

Sermorelin

Front 49

Pituitary hormones
Dopamine agonist
Exerts a paradoxical inhibitory effect on GH release in approximately 50% of patients with acromegaly

Back 49

Bromocriptine

Front 50

Pituitary hormones
Longer acting D2 dopamine receptor agonist
Found to be effective in reducing GH levels and treating hyperprolactinemia

Back 50

Cabergoline

Front 51

Pituitary hormones
Synthetic analog of Somatostatin (SST), longer half life than SST
Can inhibit GH release in acromegaly
Effective in treating pancreatic cholera

Back 51

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

Front 52

Pituitary hormones
Inhibits adenylyl cyclase through Gi
Stops GH release

Back 52

Somatostatin (SST)

Front 53

Hypothyroidism
Desiccated thyroid
Inexpensive, but potency of each preparation varies

Back 53

Thyroid USP

Front 54

Hypothyroidism
Prolonged, potency of each preparation varies

Back 54

Thyroglobulin

Front 55

Hypothyroidism
Drug of choice for treatment of myxedema

Back 55

Sodium levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Front 56

Hypothyroidism

T3, short-acting with rapid onset

Back 56

Sodium liothyronine (Cytomel)

Front 57

Hypothyroidism
4:1 mixture of T4:T3
Overpriced

Back 57

Liotrix Euthyroid

Front 58

Hyperthyroidism
Inhibitors of thyroxine biosynthesis
Thionamides (2)
Inhibitors of thyroid peroxidase
Use extreme caution in treating pregnant women. Use in minimal doses since these drugs cross the placenta

Back 58

Methimazole (Tapazole)
Propylthiouracil (Propacil)

Front 59

Hyperparathyroidism
High levels of iodine that interfere with thyroid gland function
Interferes with thyroid gland function; combination of KI and I2

Back 59

Lugol's solution

Front 60

Hyperparathyroidism
Drug of choice for destroying toxic adenoma. Never use to treat pregnant women

Back 60

131I

Front 61

Calcium regulation
Activates osteoclasts and stimulates Ca2+ transport from bone to extracellular fluids
Increases the synthesis of calcitriol at the level of the kidney
Increases renal tubular resorption of Ca2+
Stimulates adenylyl cyclase in target tissues
Stimulates 1α-hydroxylase to convert 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3

Back 61

PTH

Front 62

Calcium regulation
Increases the synthesis of Ca2+ binding transport protein in the mucosal cells of the gut
Increases Ca2+ transport from bone to extracellular fluids
Diffuses into target cells in intestine, bone, and kidney; binds to specific cytosolic receptors and induces production of proteins required for Ca2+ transport

Back 62

Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3)

Front 63

Calcium regulation
Decreases plasma Ca2+ by inhibiting activity of osteoclasts and decreasing tubular resorption of Ca2+

Back 63

Calcitonin

Front 64

Calcium regulation
Derived from yeasts and fungi
Can also be hydroxylated in the 1 and 25 positions

Back 64

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)

Front 65

Calcium regulation
Can be used to supplement or replace calcitriol; derived from yeasts and fungi

Back 65

1,25(OH)2D2

Front 66

Paget's disease treatments (4)
Characterized by overactive osteoclast activity in bone
Bisphosphonates
Slow the rate of demineralization of crystals of hydroxyapatite

Back 66

Sodium etidronate
Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate

Front 67

Postmenopausal osteoporosis treatments (4)

Back 67

Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate
Teriparatide

Front 68

Vitamin D intoxication
Characterized by hypercalcemia leading to Ca2+ deposition in soft tissues (like kidney)
Glucocorticoid
Can block intestinal absorption of Ca2+

Back 68

Prednisone

Front 69

Adrenal Steroids
Antagonists of Adrenal Steroids (3)

Back 69

Mifepristone (RU 486)
Spironolactone
Eplerenone

Front 70

Adrenal Steroids
Inhibitors of adrenal steroid biosynthesis (4)

Back 70

Dexamethasone
Methyrapone
Aminoglutethimide
Ketoconazole

Front 71

Type I diabetes treatments (6)

Back 71

Lispro insulin (Humalog)
NPH insulin (Isophane)
Insulin zinc extended
Insulin glargine
Inhaled insulin (Exubera)
Captopril

Front 72

Type II diabetes treatments
Sulfonylureas (3)
Inhibit K+ efflux, causing depolarization, the entry of Ca2+, and the release of insulin

Back 72

Tolbutamide
Glipizide
Glyburide

Front 73

Type II diabetes treatments
Non-sulfonylureas (6)

Back 73

Metformin
Acarbose
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
Repaglinide
Sitagliptin phosphate

Front 74

Male hypogonadism
Main clinical use of androgen administration

Back 74

Testosterone enanthate

Front 75

Andropause treatments (2)
Testosterone serum concentration decrease by 1-2% per year after age 30
Supplement therapy can increase muscle strength, libido, and sense of well-being

Back 75

Testoderm patch
Androderm patch

Front 76

Hereditary Angioedema treatments (2)
Impaired C1-esterase inhibitor
Overactive complement cascade increases blood vessel permeability

Back 76

Danazol
Stanozolol

Front 77

Anti-androgens (5)

Back 77

Flutamide
Bicalutamide
Cyproterone Acetate
Finasteride
Dutasteride

Front 78

Pharmacological preparations of estrogens (2)

Back 78

17α ethinyl estradiol
Equilin

Front 79

Estrogen replacement therapies (2)

Back 79

Ethinyl estradiol
Norethindrone acetate

Front 80

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)(2)
Beneficial action in some tissues
Bone, brain, liver
Antagonistic activity in some tissues
Breast, endometrium
Act by differential recruitment of co-repressors or co-activators to estrogen receptors

Back 80

Tamoxifen
Raloxifene

Front 81

Estrogen Synthesis Inhibitor

Back 81

Letrozole

Front 82

Fertility control
IUD
Provides protection for 5 years
Prevents fertilization via sterile inflammation and sperm destruction
Relative risk of PID during the first month is 3.8

Back 82

Levonorgestrel

Front 83

Fertility control
Six rods with 36mg levonorgestrel
Five years protection, suppresses ovulation, thickens cervical mucous, thins endometrial lining

Back 83

Norplant

Front 84

Fertility control
150 mg injection every 3 months
Inhibits ovulation, thickens cervical mucous, thins endometrial lining

Back 84

Depo-Provera

Front 85

Fertility control
Emergency contraception
One pill containing .75mg levonorgestrel

Back 85

Plan B

Front 86

Fertility control
Emergency contraception
Two pills containing .25mg levonorgestrel and 50mics ethinyl estradiol

Back 86

Preven

Front 87

Fertility control
Emergency contraception
35mics ethinyl estradiol, 0.3mg Norgestrel

Back 87

LoOvral

Front 88

Fertility control
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Decreases estrogen feedback tone on GnRH release
Favors FSH release over LH
Used for infertility

Back 88

Clomiphene Citrate

Front 89

Fertility control
Isolated from the urine of menopausal women
Integral to assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF

Back 89

Exogenous gonadotropins

Front 90

Fertility control
Can cause a flare or hypogonadal state
Prevents premature luteinization

Back 90

GnRH agonists