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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neostigmine
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Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Reversibly binds to AChEsterase Excessive stimulation of musc. cholinergic receptors. Salivation, lactation, urination, and diarrhea |
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Isoflurophate
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Organophosphate
ACh esterase inhibitor Excessive stimulation of musc. cholinergic receptors. basically irreversible |
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Kava Kava Root
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Anti-anxiety
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Cinnamon/cinnulin
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Diabetes
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Bittergourd
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Diabetes
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Ginko Bilboa ie Ginsing
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Alzhiemer's (decently effective)
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Zafirlukast and Montelukast
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Leukotriene Modifiers
block cysteinyl LT receptors For asthma |
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Labetolol and Carvedilol
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alpha/beta blockers
for CHF |
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Losartan, valsartan, olmesartan
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ARB
Selective for AT1 No Cough (unlike ACE-I) |
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Sodium Nitroprusside*, Minoxidil, clonidine, methyldopa
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Direct vasodilator
centrally active agonists on alpha2 for Hypertension |
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Epinephrine activity?
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beta 1 and 2 at low conc
alpha 1 and 2 at high conc alpha1=alpha2; beta1=beta2 |
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Norepinephrine activity?
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alpha1=alpha2>>> beta1>>beta2
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Dopamine activity?
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B1 at high conc
D1=D2>>B1>B2>>alpha cardiogenic shock, septic shock, heart failure, hypovolemic shock. |
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Isoproterenol activity
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most potent sympathomimetic
B1=B2>>>>>>>>alpha for brachycardia or heart block |
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Botulinum Toxin
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Blocks AcH release into synapse
paralysis |
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Pilocarpine
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Muscarinic Agonist
facillitates drainage of aqueous humor treats glaucoma (esp narrow angle) |
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Methacholine and bethanechol
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Muscarinic receptor agonist
increase GIT and urinary motility |
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Mannitol
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Descending loop diuretic
increased urine flow minimal loss of electrolytes dehydration possible |
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Certirazine
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2nd gen antihist
not sedating, or anticholinergic |
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Loratidine
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2nd gen anti-hist (h1 antagonist)
Not sedating or anticholinergic for allergies |
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Buspirone
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5Ht agonist
anxiety, depression |
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Cisapride
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5Ht4 agonist
increase gastric motility |
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Sumatriptan
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5ht agonist
migranes |
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Clozapine
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Atypical antipsychotic
serotonin and dopaminergic activity |
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Cyproheptadine
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1st gen antihist, anti-5ht and anti-cholinergic
has some local anesthetic properties treats carcinoid syndrome; migraine |
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Methysergide
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antagonism at the 5-HT2B receptor.[1] Furthermore, it is an antagonist at the 5-HT2C receptor, while at the 5-HT1A receptor it serves as a partial agonist.[2][3][4]
It is known to have partial agonist effects on some of the other 5-HT receptors as well.[5] migraine prophylaxis |
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Ondansetron
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serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an antiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting), often following chemotherapy.
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ketanserin
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5Ht2 antagonist
anti-hypertensive |
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RAAS System
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renin--> angiotensin1---(ACE)---> angiotensin2--->aldosterone
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nifedipine, amlodipine
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CCB- antihypertensives
Peripheral vasodilators |
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pentoxifylline
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methylated xanthine derivative
PDE inhibitor and TNF inhibition peripheral vascular disease intermittent claudication |
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Aliskiren
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Direct Renin Inhib
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atropine
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musc antagonist
elevates heart rate and resp rate reverses ACH E poisons |
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Ritodrine
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beta2 agonist
stops sm muscle contractions during premature labour |
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Dobutamine
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B1 agonist
cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure S/E: nausea, hypertension cardiac arrythmias |
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tansulosin
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alpha1 blocker
hypertension, BPH |
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metaprolol, atenolol
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sel. B1 blockers
hypertension, angina, acute MI |
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propranolol, timolol
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b1and b2 blocker
hypertension, angina, anxiety, cardiac arrythmias, migraine... be careful w/ asthma |
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What group of drugs for:
a)proximal conv. tubule b)thin descending tubule c)thin ascending tubule d)distal convoluted tubule e)cortical collecting tubule f)medulla cell tubule |
a) carbonic anhydrase inhib (acetazamide)
b) Osmotic diuretics (Mannitol) c) loop diuretics (flurosimide) d) thalizides (HCTZ) e) K sparing (spironolatone) f) ADH antagonists (convaptan) *cabins on lake tahoe kick ass* |
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Hydrochlorothalizide (HCTZ), chlorothalidone, indapamide
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Thalizide diuretics
act on distal convoluted tubule. Increase excretion of salts. Calcium reabsorb. s/e: low K, high ph, high uricema, hyperlipidema, impared glucose tolerance |
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Spironolactone
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K sparing diuretic
aldosterone agonist s/e: gynemastia (lowers testosterone synth) and menstral irreg. |
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Conivaptan
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competative ADH and V2 antagonist and- diuretic
works at medullary collecting tubule ducts (end of nephron) treats inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and congestive heart failure |
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Digoxen
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Na/K ATPase inhibitor
buildup of Na activates Na/Ca exchanger and causes depolarization without using energy! Increases heart contractility in CHF |
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Cholestramine
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Bile acid binding resin
interruptes enterohepatic recycling of bile acids liver has to make new bile salts from chol in blood |
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Sitagliptin (januvea), saxagliptin
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Incretin Enhancers
Inhibits degredation of incretins increase insulin release decrese glucagon, gastric emptying and appetite tx of T2DM preserves b-cell function, durable glucose control |
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pramlintide
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Amytin Analog
secreted with insulin decreases gas. emptying, post-meal glucose levels only for pts already on insulin, overweight, or have wt gain sc tid |
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Dapagliflozin
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SGLT2-inhibitor for t2DM
prevents reabsorp of glucose in kidneys glucosurea Watch out for UTI |
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Mifiprestone
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ant. at both glucocorticoid and progesterone
tx for cushings sydrome (high cortisol) also for 1st trimester abortions (block progesterone) |
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Ketoconazole and aminoglutethine?
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inhibit Cyp p450 and therefore all steroids
use for adrenal carcinoma, hirsutism, and breast cancer |
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Pyrazinamide
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antibact- converted to pyrazenoic acid POA
target for fa synth and disrupts membranes with acidic action specific to m. tuberculosis due to defect in POA efflux |
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rifampin + dapsone for what condition
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Leprosy
rifampin- inhibs DNA-dep RNA polymerase dapsone- inhibs folate synth |
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Amantadine and rimantadine
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block viral uncoating within cell
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ribavirin
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RNA polymerase blocker
can't make viral mRNA! |
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Augmentin?
Unasyn? Zosyn? |
amox +clavunalate (beta-lactam inhib)
ampicillin + sulbactam Piperacillin + tazobactam |
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Erythromycin, Ketolides
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Macrolides
block peptide bond formation in proteins pnemonia, group A strep CI: STATINS!! |
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Foscarnet
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Anti-viral
revers. inhib viral DNA and RNA polymerases CMV renitis a/e: nephrotox, anemia, nausea, fever |
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Zidovudine
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first anti-HIV drug [HAART]
Nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
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Memantine
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NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist
for alzheimers when CI for AchE inhibitors |
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Triazolam and temazepam
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benzodiazepines- hypnotic
t1/2 2-3h, and 8-10h |
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zopiclone and zolpidem
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atypical hypnotics
5h, 2h less detrimental on sleep patterns |
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butorphenol
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opioid. kappa agonist
less euphoria than other opioid |
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Methadone
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opiod w/ long half-life
treats opioid dependency -could also use naloxone or naltrexone |
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Status epilepticus
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seizure for >5mins or several seizures w/o consciousness for over 5 mins
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Partial seizure?
secondary generalized? |
aka focal onset
-starts in one area of the brain starts focal spreads to everywhere |
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simple vs complex partial seizure?
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simple
-aura, no loss of consciousness complex -temporal lobe seizure -loss of consciousness |
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temporal vs occipital lobe seizure?
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temporal
-lip smacking, no talking occipital -flashing nights |
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propofol, ketamine, thiopental, etomidate
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induction agents
-put you to sleep before surgury |
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2 treatments for bipolar
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Litium and anticonvulsants
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Fomepizole?
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ADH inhibitor
tx for methanol overdose could use ethanol aswell |
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Absence Seizures
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Generalized onset. People appear disengaged. Not sure if partial or general
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Ethosuximide, valproic acid, zonisamide
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Anti-epileptic
blocks t-type Ca channels specific for absence seizures |
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antidote for local anesthesia?
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alpha 1 blocker
-blocks epinephrine -vessels dilate and carry drug away. |
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Three treatments for Parkinson's?
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L-dopa
anti-choninergics -musc Ach antagonists like benzotropine Anti-oxidants -VitB, VitC, Selenium, flavinoids etc |
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Carbidopa, benserazide
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Periph decarboxylase inhibitor
prevents L-dopa from being converted to dopamine in the periphery. adjunct to parkinson's treatment |
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Caffiene
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Promotes dilatation
-prevents cAMP to AMP prevents constriction -blocks adenosine which is a brain nt inhibitor |
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Narcolepsy
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neurological disorder
-person enters REM sleep instantaneously -due to decrease in hypocretin -autoimmune? genetic? tx: methylphenidate |
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amphetamine dextroamphetamine, dexmethylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate
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amphetamines
for ADHD |
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Tonic clonic
Tonic/atonic absense myoclonic |
*all have no aura*
alt. stiffness and jerky movements stiff/limp common in kids. non-responsive jerky movements |
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What do the three opioid receptors do?
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inhibit adenyl cyclase
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thrombin (factor 2a), tissue factor, thromboxane, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
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Procoagulants
thrombin- activates platelets |
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Heparin sulphate, Prostacyclin, nitric oxide, antithrombin, proteins C and S
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anticoagulants
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tetrodotoxin
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blocks all nt transmission and blocks na/k channel
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Drug classes for major depression?
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Tricyclic antidep
ssri snri atypical antidepressant MAOI |
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Vigabatrin, Valproic acid
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Anti-convulsants
Blocks GABA transaminase (GABA-T) which metabolizes GABA blocks Na and Ca VPA prolongs fast inactivation period of NA channels SE of vigabatrin: retinitis and loss of vision VPA: tremor, hair loss, wt gain, teratogen, DDI |
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Tiagabine
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Anticonvulsant
Blocks GABA transport into neurons or glia S/E: depression, pyschosis |
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Litium
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blocks the formation of free inositol
antagonizes 5HT1d and 5HT1B receptors |
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Valproic acid and phenobarbital
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Anticonvulsants
prolong fast inactivation phase of NA channel |
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gabapentin and pregabalin
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Anticonvulsant
Nothing to do with GABA binds to alpha2d subunit of presynaptic voltage dependent Ca channel lowers glutamate release (lowers excitability) |
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Tranylcypromine
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last resort antidepressant
Irreversible MAOI (A+B) inhibitor |
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Moclobemide
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MAO-I
reversible inhibitor of MAOI (A) Better wine and cheese reaction |
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Carbamazepine
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anti-epileptic
prolongs fast inactivate state of Na channels Induces its own metabolism SE:Hyponaturemia Bone marrow supp |
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Clonazepam
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Benzo
Anticonvulsant and bipolar tx augments GABA s/e : sedation, ataxia |
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Nortryptyline
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Tricyclic antidep
major deppression active metabolite of amitryptyline low affinity for musc and alpha receptors |
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imipramine
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tricyclic antidep
major depression blocks NE and 5HT reuptake |
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Desipramine
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TCA
major depr active met of imipramine less affinity for musc and alpha receptor |
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Entacapone
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Inhib periph COMT
give with L-dopa and carbidopa or prolopa keeps dopamine high in brain and low in periph |
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Primidone
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Barbituate
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Epoetin alfa
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recombinant erythropoeitin
anemia sometimes used for blood doping s/e: aggrevates hypertension |
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Grand Mal seizure
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generalized onset
tonic clonic |
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Lacosimide
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anti-epileptic
potentiates slow-inactivate na channels Prolongs PR phase of EKG |
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Ezetimbe
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lipid lowering
prevents absorb of dietary chol not a resin can combo with statins |
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Disulfriam
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inhibs ALDH
treat alcoholism> buildup of acetaldehyde |
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phencyclidine
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dissassociative anesthetic
like ketamine agonist at pcp receptor, modulates glutamate receptor |
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Fibrates
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for severe hyperlipidemia
activates transcription factor receptor perisomal prolif activated alpha receptor>>>met. changes don't use with statins |
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aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide, dipyridamol
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antiplatelet
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Venlafaxine, duloxetine
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SNRI
major depression |
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Selegiline
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Mao-b inhib
slow breakdown of dopamine and catacholamines Parkinsons |
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Rasagiline
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MAO-b inhibitor
antiox for parkinsons increase free rad scavengers and inhibs apoptosis |
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Citalopram
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SSRI
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carbamazepine
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anticonvulsant
bipolar |
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Quetiapine
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D and 5ht antagonist
similar action to rispiradine and clonazepine but cheaper |
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Amoxipine
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atypical antidepressant
sel inhib of NE and 5HT |
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Clozapine
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Atyp neuroleptic
D and 5HT antagonist good for pos and neg symptoms of schizo no extrapyrimidal s/e, but bone marrow suppress |
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Olanzapine
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atyp neuroleptic
d and 5ht ant decrease pos and neg symptoms of schizo> halt progression s/e: wt gain, dizziness, dry mouth |
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a)VPA, lamotrignine, levetrinacetam, topiramate, zonisamide, felbarate, BZ, and ethosucimide
b)Phenytoin, carbamezepine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, gabapentin, pregabalin, tiagabin |
a) wide spectrum anti-epileptic>>both general and focal
b) narrow spectrum>> partial(focal) only. First three worsen general) |
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Which drugs make TdP worse?
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sotalol and amidarone (K channel)
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trazodone
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atypical antidep
weak inhib of 5HT uptake |
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Nefazodone
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Atyp Antidep
block NE uptake, block 5HT v. potent |
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Valproic acid
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Anti-epileptic and Anti-Beta amyloid
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Amidarone and sotalol
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K channel blocker in heart
worsens TdP |
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Dipyridamole
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Antiplatelet
inhibs platelet phosphodiesterase and breakdown of cAMP |
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Probenecid + sulfinpyrazone
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treats gout
increases uric acid excretion and prevent reabsorb |
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Lorazepam and midazolam
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AED
emergency or status epilepticus L is sublingual. Take @ aura. |
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Levetiratelam
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Benzo
prevents release of excitatory nt |
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risperidone
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atypical neuroleptic
for schizo d2 5ht2 antagonist decreases pos and neg symptoms few side effects |
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Benztropine
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musc Ach antagonist
anti-chol therapy for parkinson's |
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chloropramizine
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a phenothiazine-
DA antagonist, musc antagonist, weak alpha ant, hist ant low potency for schizo |
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Clobazam and Clonazepam
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adjunct to AED for long term seizure
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Flupentisol
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Athioxanthenes (phenothiazine analog)
for schizo DA antagonist weak alpha- adrenergic ant musc antagonist |
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Primidone
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Barb
for tremors not seizures |
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Valproate
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anticonvulsant for bipolar
may increase GABA levels |
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Flecainide + encainide
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anti-arrhythmic
Na channel blocker |
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Acomprosate
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Glutamate receptor ant
treats alcoholism |
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Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
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Ach inhib
Ach replacement for alzheimers limited success |
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Haloperidol
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The only neuroleptic butyrophenone
antipsychotic: blocks D1and2 only s/e: extrapyrimidal, hyperprolactinemia, ani-emetic, tarditive dyskinesia |
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Meperidine?
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Opioid analgesic
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Nevirapine, delaviridne
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Non nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
anti-viral |
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Saquinavir?
Ritonavir? Indinavir? |
HIV protease inhib
I-might cause kidney stones |
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Enfuvirtide and maraviroc (selzentry)
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Viral entry inhibs
e- prevents conformational changes when HIV binds to host m-only for R5 virus |
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Raltegravir (isentress)
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Only integrase inhib for HIV
-prevents viral DNA from integrating w/ cellular DNA -must take other drugs at the same time |
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treatments for Hodgekin's disease
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MOPP methorethamine, vincristine (oncovin), procarbazine and prednisone
ABVD: doxo rubicin (adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine |
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Methotrexate
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anti-metabolite anti-cancer drug
-DNA/RNA synth -not prodrug -low dose >>antiinflam |
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Capecitabine
Ara-C Gemcitabine |
Anti-metabolyte anticancer
c-oral fluoropyrimidine A- inhibs pyrimidine synth G-pyrimidine antimetabolite |
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doxorubicin and daunorubicin
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anthracycline abiotic for cancer
intercalation of DNA and block DNA/RNA synth bind to cell mem generate oxygen rad S/E cardio tox (b/c low in superoxide dismutase and catalase) |
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Dactinomycin
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anticancer abiotic
intercalates into dbl helix b/w g-c pairs immunosupp |
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Bleomycin
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antibiotic for cancer
mix of CU-chelating g-peptides scission of dna by oxidation cell cycle specific (G2) Pulm tox |
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Mechlorethamine
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Alkylating a/cancer
Nitrogen mustard alkylates N7 nitrogen of guanine->x-link can cause lymphocytopenia |
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Cyclophosphamide
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common a/cancer alkylator
biotransformed to mustard |
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Nitrosaureas
Temozolomide cisplatin+carboplatin |
alkylating a/cancer drugs
n-crosses BBB b-" " c- x-link DNA |
