Pharmacology 2 U1A

Front 1

Coined the term anesthesia

Back 1

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Front 2

Produced ether

Back 2

Valerius Cordus

Front 3

Described nitrous oxide and produced it

Back 3

Joseph Priestly

Front 4

Purified nitrous oxide and stated that respiration happens at a tissue level

Back 4

Humphrey Davy

Front 5

Perfected chloroform

Back 5

Jean Baptiste Dumas

Front 6

Delivered the first paid ether anesthetic

Back 6

Crawford Long

Front 7

Dentist that used nitrous oxide

Back 7

Horace Wells

Front 8

Invented first vaporizer

Back 8

William Morton

Front 9

Recognized hypoxia and began to mix 20% oxygen with nitrous oxide

Back 9

Edmund Andrews

Front 10

Established that pain comes from tissue damage or near tissue damage and delivered chloroform during child birth

Back 10

Sir James Simpson

Front 11

Founder of AANA

Back 11

Agatha Hodgins

Front 12

Mother of anesthesia

Back 12

Alice Magaw

Front 13

Developed 4 stages of anesthesia and eye signs for each; invented cuffed ET tube

Back 13

Dr. Arthur Guedal

Front 14

2 criteria that a drug must meet to be eliminated from the central compartment

Back 14

Must be a free drug (unbound)
Must be ionized

Front 15

6 components of the central compartment

Back 15

brain, liver, kidney, lungs, heart, endocrine

Front 16

4 components of the peripheral compartment

Back 16

muscles, skin, fat, bone

Front 17

six narcotics that are absorbed by the lungs as if in a resevoir

Back 17

fentanyl
sufentanil
Alfentanil
Meperidine
Lidocaine
Propanolol

Front 18

How many half lives does it take to reach the therapeutic window of a drug

Back 18

4 to 5

Front 19

Amount of time it takes to remove one half of a drug from the plasma

Back 19

Half-time

Front 20

The amount of drug that a compartment will hold

Back 20

Partition coefficient

Front 21

4 factors that affect partition coefficient

Back 21

Lipid solubility
Tissue mass
Protein binding
pH

Front 22

pH of all narcotics and local anesthetics

Back 22

basic

Front 23

Albumin bound drugs are generally this pH

Back 23

Acidic

Front 24

AAG bound drugs are generally this pH

Back 24

Basic

Front 25

Acidic drugs tend to bind with what elements and accumulate where?

Back 25

Na, K, Ca
Plasma

Front 26

Basic drugs tend to bind with what elements and accumulate where?

Back 26

Cl and sulfate
tissues

Front 27

Metabolism involving the exposing of a water soluble group

Back 27

phase 1

Front 28

Metabolism involving the addition of a water soluble group

Back 28

phase 2

Front 29

Kind of metabolism in which a constant fraction of a drug is eliminated

Back 29

first order

Front 30

Kind of metabolism in which a constant amount of a drug is eliminated

Back 30

zero order

Front 31

Brain wave activity during induction

Back 31

increase in Beta decrease in Alpha

Front 32

Brain wave activity of general anesthesia

Back 32

Increase in theta and delta waves

Front 33

Poor barbituate induction agent for asthmatic, hypovolemic, or tachy intolerant patients

Back 33

Pentothal

Front 34

Induction agents not to be used with pts with porphyria

Back 34

barbituates and etomidate

Front 35

Barbituate that does not cause histamine release

Back 35

Methohexital

Front 36

Thiopental half life

Back 36

11 hours

Front 37

Methohexital half life

Back 37

4 hours

Front 38

Analgesic effect of barbituates

Back 38

none or 'anti'
make pt more sensitive to pain

Front 39

Why are barbituates used in cerebral ischemia

Back 39

They decrease cerebral oxygen demand

Front 40

2 induction drugs that can decrease reperfusion injury by eliminating free radicals

Back 40

propofol and pentothol

Front 41

Good drugs for use in single lung ventilation because they do not inhibit pulmonary vasoconstriction

Back 41

barbituates

Front 42

How does pentothol affect baroreceptors

Back 42

leaves them intact (therefore reflex tachycardia)

Front 43

How do you combat tachycardia when giving barbituates

Back 43

predose with narcotic

Front 44

Induction drug of choice for asthmatics

Back 44

Propofol

Front 45

3 examples of catecholamine depleted patients

Back 45

shock
cocaine abuser
inhaled anesthetics

Front 46

Pre-treat ketamine induction with

Back 46

Robinol

(not atropine)

Front 47

Tells us what the loading dose needs to be

Back 47

volume of distribution

Front 48

What are the criteria for a free drug

Back 48

not protein bound
non-ionized
lipid soluble

Front 49

Only takes into account a drugs efficacy and potency

Back 49

steady state

Front 50

The amount of time it takes to clear one half of the drug from the body

Back 50

half life

Front 51

The amount of time it takes to clear one half of the drug from the plasma

Back 51

half time

Front 52

The amount of drug totally cleared from the plasma per unit of time

Back 52

clearance

Front 53

The half-time of equilibration between the drug concentration in the plasma and the drug effect that can be measured

Back 53

effect site equilibration

Front 54

Time necessary to decrease the plasma concentration by half after the IV infusion has been stopped

Back 54

context sensitive half life

Front 55

4 factors affecting the partition coefficient

Back 55

Tissue mass
Protein binding
pH
Lipid solubility

Front 56

What effects does low protein state have on acute administration of a highly protein bound drug

Back 56

faster onset
shorter duration

Front 57

Kind of metabolism that is affected by blood flow rates

Back 57

first order

Front 58

Kind of enzymes that perform Phase 2 metabolism

Back 58

transferases

Front 59

They study of a drug as it relates to a species wide DNA sequence

Back 59

Genomics

Front 60

Study of genes specific to the drug's pharmacology

Back 60

genetics

Front 61

3 factors that affect renal clearance

Back 61

GFR
Secretion
Reabsorption

Front 62

Solubility state that increases renal reabsorption

Back 62

lipid soluble

Front 63

measurement of accumulation

Back 63

context sensitive half life

Front 64

3 factors that change context sensitive half life

Back 64

metabolism
lipid solubility
clearance