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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cimetidine
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antacid
H2 antagonist (H2 receptors are inhibitory causing a relaxation in smooth muscle via adenylate cyclase, increase cAMP, giving gastric acid) antagonizes testosterone synthesis |
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ciprofloxacin
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antimicrobial
fluorquinolone inhibit bacterial DNA gyrases stop cell growtha nd cause cell death stop topoisomerase type II (human) only at high concentration |
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cisplatin
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cancer chemotherapy
cross linking of DNA - there is a chloro to hydroxyl conversion in the cell tox: bone marrow depression, renal tubular damage, nausea, vomiting |
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clavulanic acid
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antimicrobal adjunct
betalactamase inhibitor use with amoxiccilin = augmentin |
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clindamycin
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antimicrobial
block protein synthesis via block 50s ribosomal subunit G+ and certain anaerobics (bacteroides fragilis) associated with superinfection => severe colitis: diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever -> possibly lethal |
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clonidine
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adrenergic drug
a agonist, more a2 than a1 decrease bp via CNS; treat alcohol, opiate, and nictotine w/d |
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cocaine
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adrenergic terminal blocker
blocks re-uptake of NE into nerve terminal |
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colestipol
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dyslipidemia drug
bile sequesterant anion exchange resin usually added to statin tehrapy side effects: bloating, constipation, mix with H20 increase triglyceride syn, affect other drug absorption |
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creatinine
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product of muscle metabolism
GFR estimate |
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cromolyn sodium
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asthma drug
inhibits histamine release effective in some patients only inhaled some local irritation, cough, rhinitis, sneezing, throat irritation |
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cyclophosphamide
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cancer chemotherapy
nitrogen mustard alkylating agent alkylation and cross-linking of DNA requires activation via P450 in the liver tox: bone marrow depression Other side effects: nausea, vomiting, male sterility, amenorrhea, cystitis, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis: due to acrolein metabolite which is nephro and urotoxic (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate prevents this) |
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cycloserine
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antimicrobial
cell wall synthesis inhibitor "interior" inhibits precursor formation Tx TB CNS side effects |
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cystosine arabinoside
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cancer chemotherapy
inhibitor of DNA polymerase and gets misincorporated into DNA Tox: bone marrow depression, GI mucosisitis other: nausea, vomiting, alopecia |
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dantrolene
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NMJ lectures
blocks calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum treat malignant hyperthermia |
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Daptomycin
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antimicrobial
disrupt membrane permeability -> depolarization, ion leakage resistance through thickening cell wall not active in lungs |
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decamethonium
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NMJ
partial nAchR agonist 1st - depolarize, 2nd - desensitization to further agonists, inhibiting NMJ transmission rapid effect, rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma pseudocholinesterase |
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diazoxide*
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potassium channel activator, which causes local relaxation in smooth muscle by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions. This switches off voltage-gated calcium ion channels which inhibits the generation of an action potential.
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dicloxacillin
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antimicrobial
penicillin: cell wall synthesis inhibitor, prevents x-linking of peptidoglycan strands beta-lactamase immune staph aureus |
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digitoxin/digoxin
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chemical/drug
+ inotropic: increase contraction - chronotropic: high vagal tone - dromotropic: slowed conduction Tx heart failure |
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digoxin immune Fab
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Tx digitalis overdose
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Diltiazem
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Calcium Channel Blocker
predominately acts on cardiac and smooth muscle bind and blocks activated channels (binding increases with frequency) Tx hypertension, angina, arrhythmias decrease SA and AV node increase diameter of vessels decrease resistance |
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dimethylphenl piperazinium (DMPP)
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parasympathetic and sympathetic agonist
(nicotine's cousin) activation followed by desensitiization low dose: sympathomemetic: CV effects high dose: parasympathetic: GI effects lipid soluble: tremors, stim respiration high dose tox: convlusions headaches, tremors, visual distortions, irritability do not use if nursing or heart problems |
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diphenhydramine
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antihistamine
H1 antagonist sleepiness |
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dobutamine
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adrenregic drug
B2 agonist also has other actions at B1 (agonist/antagonist of A1 receptors) increase inotropic activity of heart with little chornotropic no change in vascular resistance |
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donepezil
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NMJ: non competitive
AchE inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease: improves cognition and delays progression for > 1 yr |
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dopamine
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adrenergic transmission
CNS, carotid body, sup. cervical ganglion b>a and d1, decrease PVR, increase CO, increase BP, increase HR |
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doxorubicin
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cancer chemotherapy
inhibitor of topiosomerase II/DNA complex prevents re-sealing of DNA and RNA synthesis Tox: bone marrow suppresion, GI mucosistis Cardiac Tox: ECG changes, arrhymthias w/hours, CHF long term risk factors for tox: previous heart problems do not hive with cyclophosphamide |
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doxycycline
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antimicrobial
tetracycyline interfere with binding of aminoacyl tRNA to A site of 30s subunit human and bacteria but concentrate in bacteria resistance: plasma encoded with efflux absorp: chelates with metals in GI and inhibits absorption metabolized by liver, 9 hour 1/2 life eliminated in kidney deposited in teeth - avoid giving to kids x placenta - contraindicated in preggers phototox associated super infection bia bowel flora and candida albicans |
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echothiophate
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NMJ
competative AchE inhibitor organophosphate: covalent, non reversible phorm phosphorylated enzyme that is extermely stable undergoes further conversion w/deacylation of side chain 'aging" reactivate with 2PAM N+4 |
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edrophonium
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NMJ
competitive AchE inhibitor noncovalent reversible rapidly eliminated, short duration Dx Myasthenia Gravis |
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efavirenz
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antiviral
HIV drug NNRTI HIV-1 not HIV-2 long half life 40 hours CNS side effects teratogenic fatty foods may increase bioavailability met by P450 skin rash plasma cholesterol elevation |
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enalapril
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antihypertensives
ACE inhibitor rash and cough |
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enfuvirtide
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antivirals
HIV fusion inhibitor synthetic 36-amino-acide peptide binds to gp41 subunit of viral envelope glycoprotien, preventing the confromational changes required for the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes resistance via mutations in env gene subcutaneous administration HIV-1 metabolism via hydrolysis, no need cytocrhome P450 hypersensitivity and injection site reactions increase incidence of bacterial pneumonia |
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ephedrine
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adrenergic drug
mixed acting sympathomimetic: bind as agonist and stimulate release increase heart rate, cardiac output, increase peripherial vascular resistance, broncho dilation |
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epinephrine
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adrenergic transmission
low dose: B, decrease PVR, Increase HR, increase CO high dose: a, increase PVR, increase BP relax intestinal and bronchial smooth muscle increase blood glucose, increase free fatty acids, increase metabolism made in adrenal medulla from NE via phenylethenol amine-n-methyl transferase |
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erthromycin
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antimicrobial
Tx Legionnaire's block protein synthesis via 50 s ribosomal subunit coat to make acid resistant to make past stomach CSF penetration is poor, concentrate in liver, bile excreted resist: RNA methylase which alters ribosomal RNA, prevent interaction with 50s subunit |
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esmolol
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adrenergic drug
beta1 blocker Tx: sinus tachy, atrial fib |
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ethacrynic acid
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diuretic
loop diuretic: inhibit Na-K-2Cl transporter |
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etoposide
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cancer chemotherapy
inihbitor of topoisomerase II/DNA complex: prevents resealing of DNA breaks made by topo II Also acts to inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis Causes DNA strand breaks and cell death bone marrow depression, nausea, alopecia, 2' cancers |
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ezetimibe
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dyslipidemia drug
prevents uptake of cholesterol from brush border in small intestine may increase cholesterol synthesis so use with statin |
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famatodine
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antiacid
H2 receptor antagonist |
