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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define: pharmacokinetics
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Drug -> time -> distribution(concentration in different compartments) -> elimination (body on drugs)
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Define: pharmakodynamics
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Drug effects in different compartments of the body (biochemical and physiological)(drug on body)
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What is a place in the blood where free drug can be bound?
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Binds to albumin
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What are the processes happening in pharmacodynamics?
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Pharmacologic effect -> clinical response -> Efficacy + toxicity (drug on body)
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What are the 3 processes in pharmacokinetics?
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1. Absorption, 2. distribution, 3. elimination (body on drug)
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What are the action of the body on the drug(pharmacokinetics)
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1. Absorption(blood stream), 2. distribution(moves to site of action), 3. metabolism(degradation/activation of prodrugs), 4. excretion(removal) (AD ME)
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What are the actions of the drug on the body (pharmacodynamics)
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1. Therapeutic effects(desired effect), 2. side effects(undesirable effects), 3. toxic effects (ie antihistamines high dose -> psychosis)
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What accounts for the blood having the same drug concentration even though drug is being eliminated?
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Bound drug (albumin + drug) is being released into the blood as free drug thus keeping the concentration while being eliminated the same
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What is the MOA of drugs for pinocytosis/exocytosis?
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Blood plasma -> caveolae -> pinocytosis -> vesicular transport -> exocytosis
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What happens when drugs distribute to other sites?
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U get side effects
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Which form of the drug is able to tissues - free or bound?
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Free drug is available to tissues since proteins(bound drug) does not typically penetrate into tissues
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What happens to free drug once is distributes to other sites?
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Becomes a reservoir and causes side effects
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What drives the movement of drugs in the body?
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Driven by concentration of FREE DRUG(↑ [free drug] in plasma -> ↑ tissue penetration; ↓ [free drug] -> drug returns from tissues to bloodstream
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Minimum effective dose
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The minimum amount of [drug] needed in the blood to get the desired effect
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Minimum effective concentration =
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No relief of headache until drug gets to this concentration
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What does the ascending part of drug curve tell u/ descending part?
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Ascending = absorption > metabolism/excretion; descending = metabolism/excretion > absorption
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Why would there be different MECs for a drug?
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Different concentrations of a drug can have different actions(ie 325 aspirin for cardiovascular protection, 650 aspirin for headache)
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What sis the driving force for transporters?
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Active transport, facilitated diffusion, SSRI block reuptake of NT thus more around in the cleft
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What are the 4 ways molecules can pass thru membranes?
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1. Aqueous diffusion(concentration gradient), 2. lipid diffusion(concentration gradient), 3. transporters(active transport), 4. endocytosis/exocytosis
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Diffusion of aqueous pores vs transporter movement
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Aqueous pores = passive diffusion and unsaturatable, transporters use proteins and can be saturated and inhibited
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What is an example of blocking a transporter thus ↑ NT in synaptic cleft?
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SSRI - blocks reuptake of serotonin thus more serotonin in synaptic cleft -> feels good
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What is Fick's law of diffusion?
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↑ area = ↑ diffusion, ↑ concentration = ↑ diffusion, ↑ membrane resistance = ↓ diffusion, ↑ thickness = ↓ diffusion
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