Pharmacolgy Ch1 Nursing Cscc

Front 1

Active absorption

Back 1

requires a carrier, such as enzyme or protein, to move the drug against a concentration gradient--energy is required to move across the membrane

Front 2

Adverse reaction

Back 2

side effects, but more severe—always undesirable

Front 3

Agonist

Back 3

drugs that produce a response

Front 4

Antagonist

Back 4

drugs that block a response

Front 5

Bioavailability

Back 5

subcategory of absorption; percentage of drug dose that reaches systemic circulation

Front 6

Creatinine clearance (CLcr)

Back 6

most accurate test to determine renal function

Front 7

Disintegration

Back 7

breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles

Front 8

Dissolution

Back 8

the dissolving of smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption

Front 9

Distribution

Back 9

process by which the drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues

Front 10

Duration of action

Back 10

length of time drug has a pharmacologic effect

Front 11

Excipients

Back 11

fillers or inert substances

Front 12

First-pass effect

Back 12

process in which the drug passes to the liver first; aka hepatic first pass

Front 13

Free drugs

Back 13

drugs not bound to protein; active and can cause a pharmacologic response

Front 14

Half-life

Back 14

time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated

Front 15

High therapeutic index

Back 15

wide margin of safety

Front 16

Loading dose

Back 16

large initial dose of a drug to achieve rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma

Front 17

Low therapeutic index

Back 17

have a narrow margin of safety

Front 18

Nonselective drugs

Back 18

drugs that affect various receptors; properties of nonselectivity

Front 19

Nonspecific drugs

Back 19

drugs that affect various sites; have properties of nonspecificity

Front 20

Onset of action

Back 20

amount of time it takes to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after a drug is administered

Front 21

Passive absorption

Back 21

occurs mostly by diffusion (movement from higher concentration to lower concentration)—**does not require energy to move across the membrane**

Front 22

Peak action

Back 22

occurs when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration

Front 23

Peak drug level

Back 23

highest plasma concentration of a drug at a specific time

Front 24

Pharmacodynamics

Back 24

study of drug concentration and its effects on the body

Front 25

Placebo effect

Back 25

psychologic benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of a drug effect

Front 26

Pharmacokinetics

Back 26

the process of drug movement to achieve drug reaction

Front 27

Pharmacogenetics

Back 27

effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors

Front 28

Pinocytosis

Back 28

process by which cells carry drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles

Front 29

Rate limiting

Back 29

time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become available for the body to absorb

Front 30

Side effects

Back 30

physiological effects not related to desired drug effects

Front 31

Tachyphylaxis

Back 31

drug tolerance to a frequently repeated administration of a certain drug

Front 32

Therapeutic index (TI)

Back 32

estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective dose (ED) in 50% of persons or animals and the lethal dose (LD) in 50% of animals

Front 33

Therapeutic range (window)

Back 33

safe amount of drug that could be given therapeutically

Front 34

Trough level

Back 34

lowest plasma concentration of a drug, and it measures the rate at which the drug is eliminated. Trough levels are drawn immediately before the next dose of drug is given, regardless of route of administration.