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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is ethanol absorbed in the body?
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via passive diffusion in the jejunum and ileum.
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What is the bioavailability of alcohol in a "drink"?
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About 80%
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For a given dose of ethanol, will blood ethanol concentration be higher if it is taken with a full or empty stomach?
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Empty stomach.
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Why are blood concentrations of ethanol lower when ethanol is ingested on a full stomach?
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Food in the stomach slows gastric emptying phase and prevents alcohol from hitting the jejunum and ileum where it is absorbed.
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What are the three enzymes that are invovled in the metabolism of ethanol? Which one is the most important?
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1. Microsomal mixed function oxidase (CYP2E1).
2.Alcohol dehydrogenase (Most imoportant) 3. Catalase |
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What molecule is ethanol ultimately broken down to in the body and what does the body do with it?
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Ethanol is broken down by the three metabolic methods to Acetate which the body sends to enter the TCA cycle.
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(Anticipated Question)
A medical student finishes his first Pharmacology test and goes out to the bar to celebrate. He quickly saturates his alcohol dehydrogenase with a blood concentration of ethanol of .03%. For any additional ethanol consumed which of the following will determine the amount of ethanol metabolized in his body? A. Blood ethanol concentration B. The 1/2 life of ethanol C. The infusion rate (Dir) D. The Vmax of alcohol dehydrogenase. |
Answer: D. The Vmax of alcohol dehydrogenase.
When ADH is saturated it obeys zero order kinetics which is dependent on the Vmax of the ezyme. (You can check this out on pg. 52 and 253. I can see them throwing something like this at us to get the most question bang for their buck out of the lectures). |
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Anticipated Question:
What is the major effect of ehtanol on the CNS? A. Stimulates glutatmate, the main exitatory transmitter of the brain. B. Binds to GABA-b increasing GABA binding and depressing the CNS. C. Binds to GABA-a increasing GABA binding and depressing the CNS D. Makes you bullet proof |
Answer: C Ethanol depresses the CNS by binding to GABA-a
receptors. |
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What are the effects of ethanol on cutaneous blood vessels?
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It causes vasodilation and warming of the skin. (Good if you are looking for that warm fuzzy feeling but bad for core body temp)
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What are the effects of ethanol on HDL and LDL?
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Increases HDL and decreases LDL.
(Good news if you love your heart, Bad news if you love your liver) |
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Anticipated Question:
Ingestion of ethanol affects the renal system and produces hypotonic unrine why inhibiting the secretion of which hormone? A. Renin B. Aldosterone C. Angiostensin II D. ADH E. CPY2E1 |
Answer: D. Ethanol inhibits the secretion of ADH by the posterior pitiutary.
(Wait a second...am I back in physiology) |
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Anticipated Question
Concentrations of which of the following would be elevated in a person who has recently consumed a large amount of alcohol? A. Glutathione B. NAD+ C. Formic Acid D. NADH |
Answer: NADH
see pg. 256 |
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Chronic alcohol use can often lead to decreased intake and absorption of what?
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Vitamins. Chronic alcoholism commonly leads to vitamin deficiency.
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What is a common complication of consuming alcohol during pregnancy?
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Can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome in 33% of cases.
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Anticipated Quesstion
Which of the following drugs is used to treat alcohol dependence by increasing blood levels of acetaldehyde leading to "acetaldehyde syndrome"? A. Dopamindergic agonsits B. Tocolytic C. Acamprosate D. Disulfiram |
Answer: D. Disulfiram
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Naltrexone is used to treat alcohol dependence by inhibiting what types of receptors?
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Opiate receptors
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What drug is used to treat alcohol dependence by restoring NMDA tone which reduces craving?
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Acamprosate
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What is the effect of acetaldehyde syndrome on the body?
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Causes sickness during ethanol ingestion and magnifies the "hangover" experience.
Causes, flushing, headache,nausea,vomiting, weakness, vertigo ect... |
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What is Tocolytic used for?
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Ethanol drug that is used to delay uterine contractions
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Anticipated Question
Patient is brought to the hospital after ingesting two bottles of rubbing alcohol. The patient "cannot see". What compound would you find built up in his eye? A. Glycoaldehyde B. Formic Acid C. Oxalic Acid D. Methanol E. Ethylene Glycol |
Answer: B. Formic Acid
see pg. 258 |
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What drug is an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase and is used to treat methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning?
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Fomepizole
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Alcohol can often have adverse drug reactions by augmenting the effects of what type of drugs?
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CNS depressants (sedatives, hypnotics, antianxiety agents).
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CYP2E1 levels are increased in alcohol use and can cause liver toxicity by metabolizing which compound to a toxic metabolite?
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Acetaminophen
(I think we can pretty much assume that this concept will be tested in some form on the exam. Better read the bottom of pg 260!) |
