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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Indication
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Conditions for which the drug is recommended.... SHALL!
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Contraindications
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Conditions that preclude the use of the drug... SHALL NOT!
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Side effects
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Expected, undesirable but tolerable effects.
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Untoward effects
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Side effect that is harmful to patient, intolerable, something bad happens, unanticipated.
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Idiosyncrasy
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Drug effect that is unique to the patient; unexpected and different than expect in the other patients.
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Cumulative effect
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Increased effectiveness when given in repeated doses.
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Potentiation
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One drug enhances another
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Synergism
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Two drugs, when given together, enhance the cation of the other with greater effect than either can have alone. 1+1=3
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Tolerance
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Decreased response to the same amount of drug after repeated administration
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Tachyphylaxis
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Rapidly occurring tolerance to a drug; often after a single use. Instant tolerance.
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Dependance
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When the pt becomes accustomed to the drug presence in the body and will suffer from withdrawals symptoms in it's absence. Physiological evolution to need a substance.
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I
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Antagonism
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The effects of one drug block the response to another drug
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Inotropy
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Contractility of the heart, strength
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Dromotrophy
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Heart conduction rate, velocity
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Interference
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Biochemical interaction between two drugs where one drug affects the pharmacology of another drug
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Alpha 2
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Insulin restriction, glucagon secretion, stops norepinephrine
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Alpha 1
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Vasoconstriction of arteries and veins
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Agonist
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Initiates or alters a cellular activity by attracting to receptor sites prompting a cell response
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Beta 2
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Bronchioles relaxation, insulin secretion, uterine relaxation, arterial dilation in certain key organs
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Beta 1
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Increased hr, increased myocardial contractility (inotropic), increases myocardial conduction
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Catecholimines
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Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla (Epi) that assist the body in coping with physical and emotional stress by increasing the heart and respiration rates and the blood pressure
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Cardiac output
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Amount of the blood pumped by the heart. CO= SVxHR
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Afterload
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pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump. Increasing this decreases cardiac output
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Ventricle
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Habituation
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Dependence withdrawal, unusual tolerance to the therapeutic and adverse clinical effects of a medication or chemical
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Mechanism of action
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The way in which a medication produces the intended response.
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Therapeutic index
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A drug that will be effective without becoming toxic unless levels get really high
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Half life
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The time needed in an average person for metabolism or elimination of 50% of the substance in the plasma
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Pharmokenetics
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The fate of medications in the body, such as distribution and elimination.
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Latrogenic
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Mistakes
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Pharmacodynamics
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Biochemical and physiological effects of a drug
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Cheating agents
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Medications that bind with heavy metals and create a compound that can be eliminated
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Partial agonist
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They bind to receptor sites but do not initiate as much cellular activity or change as do other antagonist. They effectively lower the efficacy of other agonist chemicals that may be present in the cells.
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Cytochrome p450
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Key system inviter metabolism 75% of all drugs
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Sympathetic stimulation
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Fight or flight
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Refractory
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Unresponsive
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Antidote
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To reverse, the opposite of...
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Precaution
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Be careful
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Physiologic Action
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What is the body's reaction to the drug
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Biotransformation
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Body breaks down a chemical
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Therapeutic Action
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What I intend that drug to do, it can have more than one therapeutic action.
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Therapeutic index
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The range/space between finding relief and no relief, when exceeded toxic effects occur. the threshold must be crossed to enter the index
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