Pharmaceutics Ii: Lecture 3 Objectives

Front 1

What is the most commonly used solid dosage formsusually prepared with the aid of suitable pharmaceutical excipients?

Back 1

tablet

Front 2

What are the characteristics of a tablet?

Back 2

Free of defects (chips, cracks, discoloration, contamination)
, Strong enough to withstand the stresses ofproduction, Stable over time, Capable of releasing drug in a predictablemanner

Front 3

What are the common diluents?

Back 3

Lactose, Starches, Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), Dextrose, Sucrose
, Mannitol, Sodium chloride, Dicalcium phosphate: less moisture, mainly forhygroscopic drugs



b. Adsorbents

Front 4

What are the common absorbents?

Back 4

Silica, Microcrystalline cellulose, Magnesium carbonate, Kaolin, Bentonite, Binders and adhesives

Front 5

What is the agent that holds fluids in an apparently dry state?

Back 5

adsorbents

Front 6

What are the agents that bind powders together in the wet granulation process and or in the compression process?

Back 6

binders and adhesives (affect disintegration rate)

Front 7

What are the common binding agents?

Back 7

Cornstarch, glucose, sucrose, natural gums, cellulose derivatives, povidone

Front 8

What are the agents used to improve the flow properties of granulation and reduce inter-particle friction?

Back 8

glidants

Front 9

What are the common glidants?

Back 9

fumed silica, starch talc

Front 10

What are the agents used to prevent the adherence of the tablet material to the surfaces of the punch faces and dies, also reduce interparticle friction, enhance the flow properties of granules, and facilitate the smooth ejection of tablets from dies cavities?

Back 10

lubricants

Front 11

What are the common lubricants?

Back 11

magnesium stearate (not used with aspirin), talc, stearic acid, peg, paraffin

Front 12

What agents are used to facilitate the breakup of tablets after administration to achieve smaller particles for ready drug availability?

Back 12

disintegrants

Front 13

What are the common disintegrants?

Back 13

starch, cellulose

Front 14

What is the purpose of multiple compressed tablets?

Back 14

to separate physically or chemically incompatible ingredients and or to produce repeat action / prolonged action tablet

Front 15

What are examples of layered tablets?

Back 15

Phenylephedrin HCL or Ascorbic Acid with Paracetamol

Front 16

What is an example of an inlay tablet?

Back 16

Metformin 500mg SR with Pioglitazone 15mg (in core)

Front 17

What are compression coated tablets?

Back 17

tablet within a tablet

Front 18

What are examples of compression-coated tablets?

Back 18

multivitamins

Front 19

What are tablets that contain two single doses of medication: one for immediate release and the other for delayed release?

Back 19

repeat action tablets

Front 20

What is the purpose of vaginal tablets?

Back 20

to achieve local effects

Front 21

What is partial or complete separation of the top or bottom crown from the main body of the tablet?

Back 21

capping

Front 22

What is the separation of a tablet into two or more distinct layers?

Back 22

lamination

Front 23

What cause capping and lamination?

Back 23

entrapment of air during processing

Front 24

What is the removal of the surface material of a tablet by a punch?

Back 24

picking

Front 25

What is adhesion of the tablet material to die wall called?

Back 25

sticking (rough appearance to the tablet)

Front 26

What is an unequal color distribution on a tablet called

Back 26

mottling

Front 27

What is the tendency of a tablet to cruble?

Back 27

Friability

Front 28

What drug is used for breakthrough pain in cancer?

Back 28

Fentanyl Actiq (lozenge)

Front 29

What are small round solid dosage forms containing drug for oral administration?

Back 29

pills

Front 30

What are bases that melt at body temperature?

Back 30

Cocoa butter or cocoa butter subsitutes

Front 31

What are bases that dissolve in body fluids?

Back 31

glycerinated gelatin, peg polymers

Front 32

What is the max dose for rectal doses?

Back 32

500mg (drug, not excipient)

Front 33

What is the max dose for vaginal doses?

Back 33

9g

Front 34

What are the characteristics of the rectal fluid?

Back 34

no buffering capacity and ph of 6.8`

Front 35

Where does the superior hemorrhoidal vein go?

Back 35

liver

Front 36

Where does the inferior and middle hemorrhoidal veins go?

Back 36

bypass liver and go to systemic circulation

Front 37

What is the vaginal fluid characteristics?

Back 37

low ph

Front 38

What is the urethral physiology?

Back 38

males 20 cm, females 4cm, poorly perfused by blood

Front 39

What are some disadvantage of suppositories?

Back 39

mucosal irritation (indomethacin), undesired absorption if unsuitable placement, diarrhea (reduce absorption), high cost of manufacture

Front 40

What are the ideal properties of suppositories?

Back 40

melts, dissolves, or disperse at 37C, non-irritating, physically stable, chemically stable and inert, convenient to handle, high viscosity when melted

Front 41

What base do you use for lipophilic drug?

Back 41

water soluble base

Front 42

What base do you use for a hydrophilic drug?

Back 42

fatty base or water soluble base

Front 43

What is the particle size limit for irritation?

Back 43

50 um

Front 44

What bases melt at body temperature?

Back 44

fatty or oleaginous bases; cocoa butter, fattibase

Front 45

What are bases that dissolve in the body fluids?

Back 45

glycerinated gelatin bases, PEG polymers

Front 46

What bases is more comfortable for patients, fatty base or PEG?

Back 46

Fatty base - peg is irritating

Front 47

What is a compatibility problem of fattibases?

Back 47

low melting point. Can be overcome by adding white wax or other waxes

Front 48

What temp is PEG stored?

Back 48

room temperature

Front 49

Where does cacao butter come from?

Back 49

Theobroma cacao