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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the common groups of surfactants/wetting agents used as pharmaceutical additives?
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Anionic, Cationic, Amphoteric and nonion agents
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What are the common anionic surfactants?
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Soap, Sulfated compounds (ex. Sodium Lauryl sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate), sulfonated compounds (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate)
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What are the common cationic surfactants?
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Benzalkonium chloride, Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (usually used as antimicrobial preservatives)
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What are the common nonionic surfactants?
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Spans, tween, polyoxyethylene glyceryl
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What are the common amphoteric agents?
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Dodecyl alanine
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What are the common groups of emulsifying agents?
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cationic, anionic, ampholytic, nonionic
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What are the common suspending agents?
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Methylcellulose
Carboxymethylcellulose Gelatin Carbopol Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Sodium carboxymethylcelluolose |
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What are the common flocculating agents?
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Electrolytes (trivalent ions 100x more effective than monovalent or divalent) - NH4+, K, Na, Li, Cl, Mg
Polymers Surfactants |
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What are common dispersants?
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Darvan
Daxads Maraspearses |
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What types of antioxidants are there?
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Water soluble, Oil soluble, Synergist
(Water & oil soluble prevent oxidative degradation, and synergists enhance the effects of antioxidants) |
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What are the water soluble antioxidants?
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Sodium Bisulfite
sodium metabisulfite sodium thiosulfate thiourea |
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What are the oil soluble antioxidants?
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tocopherol
ascorbyl palmitate butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) |
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What are the synergistic antioxidants?
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citric acid
lecithin glycerine phosphoric acid PEG propylene glycol |
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What are the most common preservatives?
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phenol
benzoic acid boric acid formic acid benzalkonium chloride salicylic acid phenylmercuric nitrate |
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What are the most common diluents?
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Sucrose
- dextrose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol Polysaccharides - starch, modified starch, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) Inorganic compounds - CaPO4, Tricalcium phosphate Calcium sulfate dihydrate, Calcium carrbonate |
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What are the most common binders?
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acacia
tragacanth starch gelatin polyvinylpyrrolidone polyacrylamide sugar hydroxyproply cellulose sodium carboxymethylcellulose |
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What are the most common disintegrants?
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cellulose
starch clay alginic acid |
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What are the most common sweetening agents?
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glucose
cane sugar sorbitol glycerine saccharin sodium** **450 times sweeter than normal sucrose, ideal for diabetics |
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What are the most common glidants?
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TALC
corn starch colloidal silica Zn, Mg, and Ca stearate Ca silicate CaPO4 |
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What are the most common lubricants?
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boric acid
Na,Mg,Zn,Ca salts of stearates Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Stearic acid PEG 4000, 6000 Waxes Vegetable oils |
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What are the most common anti-adhesives?
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colloidal silica
corn starch sodium lauryl sulfate metallic (stearate) |
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What are the most common adsorbents?
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Silica (holds up to 80% of its own weight of water
Magnesium oxide Magnesium aluminum silicilate Kaolin Magnesium carbonate |
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Soap?
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Anionic surfactant
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Sodium lauryl sulfate?
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Anionic sulfated SURFACTANT
LUBRICANT ANTI-ADHESIVE |
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Sodium cetyl sulfate?
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SURFACTANT (anionic sulfated)
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Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate?
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SURFACTANT (anionic sulfonated)
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Benzalkonium Chloride
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SURFACTANT(cationic surfactant)
PRESERVATIVE |
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CETYLTRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE?
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SURFACTANT (cationic surfactant)
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SPANS?
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NONIONIC SURFACTANT
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TWEEN?
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NONIONIC SURFACTANT
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POLYOXYETHYLENE GLYCERYL?
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NONIONIC SURFACTANT
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DODECYL ALANINE?
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AMPHOTERIC SURFACTANT
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METHYLCELLULOSE?
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SUSPENDING AGENT
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CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE?
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SUSPENDING AGENT
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GELATIN?
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SUSPENDING AGENT
BINDER |
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HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE?
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SUSPENDING AGENT
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SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYCELLULOSE?
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SUSPENDING AGENT
BINDER |
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CARBOPOL?
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SUSPENDING AGENT
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ELECTROLYTES, POLYMERS, SURFACTANTS??
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FLOCCULATING AGENTS
WETTING AGENTS (ONLY SURFACANTS) |
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DARVAN?
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DISPERSANTS
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DAXADS?
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DISPERSANT
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MARASPEARSES?
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DISPERSANT
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SODIUM BISULIFTE?
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WATER SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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SODIUM METABISULFTE?
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WATER SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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SODIUM THIOSULFATE?
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WATER SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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THIOUREA?
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WATER SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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TOCOPHEROL?
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OIL SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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ASCORBYL PAMITATE?
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OIL SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA)?
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OIL SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE (BHT)?
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OIL SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
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CITRIC ACID?
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SYNERGIST ANTIOXIDANT
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LECITHIN?
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SYNERGIST ANTIOXIDANT
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GLYCERINE?
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SYNERGIST ANTIOXIDANT
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PHOSPHORIC ACID?
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SYNERGIST ANTIOXIDANT
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PEG?
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SYNERGIST ANTIOXIDANT
LUBRICANTS (PEG 4000, 6000) |
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PROPYLENE GLYCOL?
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SYNERGIST ANTIOXIDANT
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PHENOL?
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PRESERVATIVE
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BENZOIC ACID?
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PRESERVATIVE
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BORIC ACID?
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PRESERVATIVE
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FORMIC ACID?
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PRESERVATIVE
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BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE?
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PRESERVATIVE
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SALICYLIC ACID?
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PRESERVATIVE
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PHENYLMERCURIC NITRATE?
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PRESERVATIVE
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DEXTROSE, LACTOSE, SUCROSE, MANNITOL, SORBITOL, INOSITOL?
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DILUENTS (MANNITOL IS USED IN CHEWABLE TABS)
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STARCH, MODIFIED STARCH?
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DILUENTS
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CELLULOSE?
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DILUENTS
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MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE?
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DILUENTS
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CALCIUM PHOSPHATE?
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DILUENT
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TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE?
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DILUENT
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CALCIUM SULFATE DIHYDRATE?
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DILUENT
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CALCIUM CARBONATE?
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DILUENT
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ACACIA?
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BINDER
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TRAGACANTH?
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BINDER
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STARCH?
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BINDER
DILUENT |
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GELATIN?
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BINDER
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POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE?
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BINDER
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POLYACRYLAMIDE?
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BINDER
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SUGAR?
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BINDER
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HYDROXYPROPYLCELLULOSE?
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BINDER
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SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE?
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BINDER
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CELLULOSE?
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DISINTEGRANT
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STARCH?
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DISINTEGRANT
BINDER DILUENT |
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CLAY?
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DISINTEGRANT
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ALGINIC ACID?
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DISINTEGRANT
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GLUCOSE, CANE SUGAR, SORBITOL, GLYCERINE, SACCHARIN SODIUM??
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SWEETENERS (SACCARINE IS 450 TIMES SWEETER THAN SUGAR AND IDEAL FOR DIABETICS)
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TALC?
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GLIDANT
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CORN STARCH??
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GLIDANT
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COLLOIDAL SILICA?
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GLIDANT
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ZN, MG, CA STEARATE
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GLIDANTS
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CALICUM SILICATE?
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GLIDANTS
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CALCIUM PHOSPHATE?
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GLIDANTS
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BORIC ACID?
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LUBRICANT
PRESERVATIVE |
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NA, MG, ZN, CA SALTS OF STEARATE?
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LUBRICANT
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STEARIC ACID?
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LUBRICANT
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WAXES?
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LUBRICANT
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VEGETABLE OILS?
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LUBRICANT
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COLLOIDAL SILICA?
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ANTI-ADHESIVE
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CORN STARCH?
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ANTI-ADHESIVE
GLIDANT |
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METALLIC (STEARATE)?
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ANTI-ADHESIVE
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SILICA?
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ADSORBENT (HOLDS 80% OF ITS OWN WEIGHT)
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MAGNESIUM OXIDE?
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ADSORBENT
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MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE?
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ADSORBENT
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KAOLIN?
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ADSORBENT
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MAGNESIUM CARBONATE?
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ADSORBENT
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