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5 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the various types of liquid dosage forms ?
and how these forms formulated ?
1. According to the route of administration
Oral solutions:
– Topical solutions:
– Parenteral solutions: Sterile,
– Nasal solutions:
– Otic solutions: Ear drops
– Inhalation solution/suspension:
– Ophthalmic solutions: Sterile Eye drops
– Irrigating solutions:

2. Accordingtothesolventsystem
– Elixirs: sweetened hydroalcoholic (water and alcohol) solutions for oral administration
– Syrups: concentrated, viscous, aqueous solutions containing sucrose or other sugars
– Spirits: alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of aromatic volatile material
– Tinctures: alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions of vegetable materials
– Aromatic waters: saturated aqueous solutions of aromatic volatile material
State five Advantages of Solution Dosage Forms ?
1.Rapid absorption (no dissolution step) → rapid onset of action
2. Easier to swallow than solids (paediatric and geriatric use)
3 • Can be used for internal and external applications (oral and topical)
4 • Doses can be adjusted for individual need
5 • Homogenous system, better drug distribution throughout the
preparation than suspensions or emulsions (e.g., caking or phase separation)
state six Disadvantages of Solution Dosage Forms ?
• Liquids are bulky, heavy, inconvenient to carry, susceptible to breakage
• Poorer stability than solid dosage forms (eg. hydrolysis); shorter shelf life
• High risk of dose inaccuracy
• More pronounced detection of unpleasant drug taste which require
masking using sugars and flavouring agents
• Difficult to formulate if the drug is poorly soluble
• The oral form cannot be administered to unconscious patients
what solution formulation can contain ?
excipients
flavouring agents
colouring agents,
sweeteners,
preservatives,
stabilizers,
buffering salts,
antioxidants,
viscosity enhancer
what solvents can be used for solutions?
1. aqueous solution . water : for ionisable drugs ,
2. non- aqueous solution : Ethanol '2' is solvent antimicrobial