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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the various types of liquid dosage forms ?
and how these forms formulated ? |
1. According to the route of administration
Oral solutions: – Topical solutions: – Parenteral solutions: Sterile, – Nasal solutions: – Otic solutions: Ear drops – Inhalation solution/suspension: – Ophthalmic solutions: Sterile Eye drops – Irrigating solutions: 2. Accordingtothesolventsystem – Elixirs: sweetened hydroalcoholic (water and alcohol) solutions for oral administration – Syrups: concentrated, viscous, aqueous solutions containing sucrose or other sugars – Spirits: alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of aromatic volatile material – Tinctures: alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions of vegetable materials – Aromatic waters: saturated aqueous solutions of aromatic volatile material |
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State five Advantages of Solution Dosage Forms ?
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1.Rapid absorption (no dissolution step) → rapid onset of action
2. Easier to swallow than solids (paediatric and geriatric use) 3 • Can be used for internal and external applications (oral and topical) 4 • Doses can be adjusted for individual need 5 • Homogenous system, better drug distribution throughout the preparation than suspensions or emulsions (e.g., caking or phase separation) |
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state six Disadvantages of Solution Dosage Forms ?
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• Liquids are bulky, heavy, inconvenient to carry, susceptible to breakage
• Poorer stability than solid dosage forms (eg. hydrolysis); shorter shelf life • High risk of dose inaccuracy • More pronounced detection of unpleasant drug taste which require masking using sugars and flavouring agents • Difficult to formulate if the drug is poorly soluble • The oral form cannot be administered to unconscious patients |
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what solution formulation can contain ?
excipients |
flavouring agents
colouring agents, sweeteners, preservatives, stabilizers, buffering salts, antioxidants, viscosity enhancer |
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what solvents can be used for solutions?
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1. aqueous solution . water : for ionisable drugs ,
2. non- aqueous solution : Ethanol '2' is solvent antimicrobial |