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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 6 alpha antagonists
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Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, phentolamine, yohimbine, tolazoline
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Name mixed alpha and beta antagonists
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Labetalol, carvedilol
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Name beta antagonists
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Metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol, propanolol, nadolol, timolol, butoxamine
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What are the cardiovascular effects of alpha-1 antagonists
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Decreases PVR and lowers BP; postural hypotension due to failure of venous vasoconstriction upon standing (limits use for BP control as it makes them dizzy)
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What are the cardiovascular effects of alpha-2 antagonists
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Increases norepinephrine release from nerve terminals
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Epinephrine
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Endogenous catecholamine; The Prototype; most potent activator alpha receptors; very poor lipid solubility = little CNS effects; short duration
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Indications for Epinephrine
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bronchial asthma; acute allergic reaction, cardiac arrest, asystole, electromech. dissociation, V-fib if unresponsive to initial defibrltn., infusion to increase myocardial contractility, ACLS protocol
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Endogenous catecholamines
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Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
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Synthetic catecholamines
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Isoproterenol, dobutamine
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Synthetic non-catecholamines
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Indirect acting: ephedrine, mephentermine, amphetamines
Direct acting: phenylephrine, methoxamine |
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Selective alpha-2 agonists
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clonidine, dexmedetomidine
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Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonists
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albuterol, terbutoline, ritodrine
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Sympathetic preganglionic fibers
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Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Receptor: Cholinergic (nicotinic) |
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Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
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Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Receptor: Adrenergic |
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Parasympathetic pre- and postganglionic fibers
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Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Receptor: Cholinergic (nicotinic and muscarinic) |
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What tissue and actions do alpha-1 sympathomimetics effect?
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Most vascular smooth muscle (innervated) - contraction
pupillary dilator muscle - contraction (dilates pupil) pilomotor smooth muscle - erects hair prostate - contraction heart - increases force of contraction |
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What tissue and actions do alpha-2 sympathomimetics effect?
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Platelets - aggregation
Adrenergic & cholinergic nerve terminals (presynaptic) - inhibits transmitte release (decr. BP& HR) Some vasc. smooth muscle - contraction fat cells - inhibits lipolysis CNS - sedation & analgesia |
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What tissue and actions do beta-1 sympathomimetics effect?
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Heart - Increases force and rate of contraction
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What tissue and actions do beta-2 sympathomimetics effect?
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Respiratory, uterine, vascular smooth muscle - promotes smooth muscle relaxation
Skeletal muscle - promotes potassium uptake, dilation of vascular beds Liver - activates glycogenolysis |
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What tissue and actions do dopa-1 sympathomimetics effect?
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Smooth muscle post-synaptic location - dilates renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral blood vessels
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What tissue and actions do dopa-2 sympathomimetics effect?
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Nerve endings - pre-synaptic modulates transmitter release; nausea and vomiting
Also may be responsible for "reward " associated w/ ETOH and cocaine |
