Pharma- Respiratory

Front 1

Are H1 blockers reversible or irreversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors?

Back 1

Reversible

Front 2

3 first generation H1 blockers

Back 2

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

Front 3

3 second generation H1 blockers

Back 3

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine

Front 4

Clinical uses of 1st generation H1 blockers

Back 4

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sleep aid

Front 5

Clinical uses of 2nd generation H1 blockers

Back 5

Allergy

Front 6

Why are 2nd generation H1 blockers less sedating?

Back 6

Decreased entry into the CNS

Front 7

This drug blocks both H1 and H2 receptors; used for anaphylactic reactions (and as an antidepressant)

Back 7

Doxepin

Front 8

Bronchoconstriction is mediated by two things

Back 8

Inflammatory processes
Sympathetic tone

Front 9

6 types of asthma drugs

Back 9

Beta-agonist (nonspecific and beta-2s)
Methylxanthines
Muscarinic antagonists
Cromolyn sodium
Corticosteroids
Antileukotrienes

Front 10

Which nonspecific beta agonist is used is asthma?

Back 10

Isoproterenol

Front 11

Adverse effect of isoproterenol

Back 11

Tachycardia

Front 12

Two beta-2 agonists used in asthma

Back 12

Albuterol and salmeterol

Front 13

Which beta-2 agonist is used for acute asthma exacerbations?

Back 13

Albuterol

Front 14

Which beta-2 agonist is used as a long-acting agent for prophylaxis

Back 14

Salmeterol

Front 15

Adverse effects of salmeterol (2)

Back 15

Tremor
Arrhythmias

Front 16

Example of a methylxanthines

Back 16

Theophylline

Front 17

Mechanism of theyphylline-induced bronchodilation?

Back 17

Inhibits phosphodiesterase --> decreases cAMP hydrolysis

Front 18

2 serious toxicitis of theophylline

Back 18

Cardiotoxicity
Neurotoxicity

Front 19

Theophylline blocks action of?

Back 19

Adenosine (antiarrhythmic that increases K+ efflux)

Front 20

Theophylline cardiotoxicity is treated with?

Back 20

Beta blockers

Front 21

Muscarinic antagonists used in asthma

Back 21

Ipratropium

Front 22

Ipratropium is also used for

Back 22

COPD

Front 23

Mechanism of cromolyn sodium

Back 23

Prevents release of mediators from mast cells

Front 24

Is cromolyn sodium used for prophylaxis or treatment of asthma?

Back 24

Prophylaxis (not effective during an acute attack)

Front 25

1st line therapy for chronic asthma

Back 25

Corticosteroids

Front 26

2 corticosteroids used in asthma

Back 26

Beclomethasone
Prednisone

Front 27

2 mechanisms of corticosteroids in asthma

Back 27

Inhibit synthesis of cytokines
Inactivate NF-kappa beta, the TF that induces production of TNF-alpha

Front 28

3 antileukotrienes used in asthma

Back 28

Zileuton, zafirlukast, montelukast

Front 29

Mechanism of zileuton

Back 29

5-liposygenase pathway inhibitor (Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes)

Front 30

Mechanism of zafirlukast and montelukast

Back 30

Block leukotriene receptors

Front 31

Best treatment for aspirin-induced asthma

Back 31

Zafirlukast, montelukast

Front 32

2 expectorants

Back 32

Guaifenesin
N-acetylcysteine

Front 33

Mechanism of guaifenesin

Back 33

Removes excess sputum (doesn't suppress cough reflex)

Front 34

N-acetylcysteine has 2 clinical uses

Back 34

Expectorant/ mucolytic
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

Front 35

N-acetylcysteine is used as an expectorant in which pts

Back 35

CF patients (can loosen mucous plugs)

Front 36

Bosentan is used to treat

Back 36

Pulmonary hypertension

Front 37

Mechanism of bosentan

Back 37

Competitive antagonist of endothelin-1 receptors --> decreases pulmonary vascular resistance