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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 H2 blockers
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Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
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Mechanism of H2 blockers
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Reversible blocks of histamine H2 receptors --> decreased acid secretion by parietal cells
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Cimetidine toxicities
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Antiandrogenic
Can cross BBB (confusion, dizziness, headaches) Can cross placenta Decreases renal excretion of Cr (as does ranitidine) |
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When should H2 blockers be taken?
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Before meals
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Two PPIs
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Omeprazole, lansoprazole
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Mechanism of PPIs
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Irreversibly inhibit H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells
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Clinical use of PPIs (4)
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PUD
Gastritis GERD Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Toxicity of PPIs
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Increased risk of (hip) fractures
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2 clinical uses of bismuth-sucralfate
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Increase ulcer healing
Traveler's diarrhea |
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Mechanism of bismuth-sucralfate
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Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection, and allow HCO3 secretion to re-establish pH gradient in mucous layer
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3 clinical uses of misoprostol
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Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers
Maintenance of PDA Induce labor |
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Misoprostol is a ____ analog
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PGE1
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Mechanism of misoprostol
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Increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier
Decrease acid production |
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2 toxicities of misoprostol
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Diarrhea
Abortifacient |
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Rx for acute variceal bleeds
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Somatostatin
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Toxicity of octreotide
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Nausea, cramps, steatorrhea
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Effect of antacids on potassium
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All can cause hypokalemia
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How do antacids affect other drugs?
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Alter gastric and urinary pH, or delay gastric emptying
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Three antacids
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Aluminum hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide Calcium carbonate |
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Toxicity of aluminum hydroxide
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Constipation & hypophosphatemia
Proximal muscle weakness Osteodrystrophy Seizures |
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Toxicity of magnesium hydroxide
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Diarrhea
Hyporeflexia Hypotension Cardiac arrest |
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Toxicity of calcium carbonate
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Hypercalcemia
Rebound acid increase |
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Which antacid may be given for constipation?
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MgOH2
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3 clinical uses of infliximab
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Crohn's
Ulcerative colitis RA |
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Infliximab is a monoclonal Ab targeting?
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TNF-alpha
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3 toxicities of infliximab
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Respiratory infection
Fever Hypotension |
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2 uses for sulfasalazine
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Crohn's and ulcerative colitis
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Sulfasalazine is a combo of these two drugs
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Sulfapyridine (antibacterial)
5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory) |
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Toxicities of sulfasalazine
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Malaise, nausea
Sulfonamide toxicity Reversible oligospermia |
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Ondansetron is a ____ antagonist
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5-HT3
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Ondansetron is used as a
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Centrally-acting antiemetic
Used for postop vomiting and in chemo pts |
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Toxicities of ondansetron
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Headache
Constipation |
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Metoclopramide is a ____ receptor antagonist
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D2
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Metoclopramide is used for _____ in diabetics and post-surgery
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Gastroparesis
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This drug increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, and motility in the GI tract
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Metoclopramide
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What is the effect of metoclopramide on colon transport time?
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No change
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Toxicity of metoclopramide
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Parkinsonian effects
Also restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea |
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Metoclopramide interacts with 2 drug classes?
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Digoxin
Diabetic agents |
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Metoclopramide is contraindicated in?
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Small bowel obstruction
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