Pharma- Exam 1

Front 1

What the BODY does to the DRUGS

Back 1

PHARMACO- KINETICS

Front 2

What are the combined focus of pharmacokinetics?

Back 2

ABSORPTION into
DISTRIBUTION within
METABOLISM within
EXCRETION from

Front 3

The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues

Back 3

ABSORPTION

Front 4

The chemical form of a drug that is administered before it is metabolized by the body's biochemical reactions into its ACTIVE or INACTIVE metabolites

Back 4

PARENT DRUG

Front 5

An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical chemical reactions once it is inside the body

Back 5

PRODRUG

Front 6

The extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% - 100%)

Back 6

BIOAVAILABILITY

Front 7

The initial metabolism in the LIVER of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream

Back 7

FIRST-PASS EFFECT

Front 8

The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the mucosa of the stomach or small intestines

Back 8

ENTERAL

Front 9

The fastest route by which a drug can be absorbed. Most commonly refers to injection by any method. IV injections delivers the drug directly into the circulation.

Back 9

PARENTERAL

Front 10

Drugs are absorbed into the highly vascularized tissue under the tongue or the oral mucosa between the cheek and gum

Back 10

SUBLINGUAL and BUCCAL

Front 11

Involve the application of medications to various body surfaces - skin, eyes, ears, nose lungs, rectum or vagina

Back 11

TOPICAL

Front 12

Refers to the transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action. Drugs are distributed first to those that are most extensively supplied with blood- heart, liver, kidneys, and brain

Back 12

DISTRIBUTION

Front 13

What organ is responsible for the metabolism of drugs

Back 13

LIVER

Front 14

It involves the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, or a more potent active metabolite

Back 14

METABOLISM / BIOTRANSFORMATION

Front 15

The elimination of drugs from the body

Back 15

EXCRETION

Front 16

The most common blood protein carries that majority of protein-bound drug molecules

Back 16

ALBUMIN

Front 17

TRUE or FALSE

Certain conditions that can cause low albumin levels ( extensive burn or malnourished) result in the presence of a larger fraction of free (unbound or active) drug risk of drug toxicity

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

Occurs when the presence of one drug decreases or increases that actions of another drug administered concurrently.

Back 18

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION

Front 19

Various areas in which drugs may be distributed

Back 19

VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION

Front 20

TRUE or FALSE

Drugs that are WATER-SOLUBLE and HIGHLY PROTEIN BOUND are more strongly bound to proteins in the blood and are LESS LIKELY to be absorbed into tissues and because of this, their DISTRIBUTION and onset action can be SLOW

Back 20

TRUE

Front 21

TRUE or FALSE

Drugs that are HIGHLY LIPID-SOLUBLE and POORLY BOUND to PROTEIN are more EASILY taken up into tissues and distributed into the circulation from tissue

Back 21

TRUE

Front 22

TRUE or FALSE

Poor blood supply like bone and physiologic barriers like brain or a placenta make it difficult for drugs to pass through

Back 22

TRUE

Front 23

Enumerate the type of Biotransformation (4)

Back 23

OXIDATION
REDUCTION
HYDROLYSIS
CONJUGATION

Front 24

Increase in polarity of chemical, making it more water soluble and more easily excreted, thus often results in a loss of pharmacologic activity

Back 24

OXIDATION
REDUCTION
HYDROLYSIS

Front 25

Combination with another substance

Back 25

CONJUGATION

Front 26

Primary organ responsible for elimination of drugs from the body

Back 26

KIDNEY

Front 27

Arrange these excretion process in order:

Active Tubular Secretion, Glomerular Filtration, Active Tubular Reabsorption

Back 27

1. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
2. ACTIVE TUBULAR REABSORPTION
3. ACTIVE TUBULAR SECRETION

Front 28

The time required for one half of a given amount of drug in the body to be removed and is a measure of the rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body

Back 28

HALF-LIFE

Front 29

In which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose

Back 29

STEADY STATE

Front 30

The physiologic reactions of the body to the drug

Back 30

DRUG EFFECTS

Front 31

The time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing

Back 31

ONSET ACTION

Front 32

The time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response

Back 32

PEAK EFFECT

Front 33

The length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient (w/out more doses) to elicit a therapeutic response.

Back 33

DURATION OF ACTION

Front 34

lowest blood level of a drug

Back 34

TROUGH LEVEL

Front 35

Tablets, capsules, pills, TR capsules/tablets, rectal suppositories are _______dosage forms.

Back 35

ENTERAL

Front 36

Injectable forms, solutions powder for reconstitution, sublingual or buccal

Back 36

PARENTERAL

Front 37

Aerosoles, creams, inhalers, vaginal suppositories, patches

Back 37

TOPICAL

Front 38

The study of natural sources of drugs (plans & animals)

Back 38

PHARMA-COGNOSY

Front 39

What are the SOURCES of Foxglove, valerian (valium), coffee, tobacco

Back 39

PLANTS

Front 40

What are the SOURCES of estrogen, insulin, human fetal cell line- vaccines, heparin

Back 40

ANIMALS

Front 41

What are the SOURCES of Salicylic acid (aspirin), potassium chloride

Back 41

MINERALS

Front 42

What are the SOURCES of various blood component of stimulation factors

Back 42

LABORATORY SYNTHESIS

Front 43

The study of poisons ad unwated responses to both drugs and other chemicals

Back 43

TOXICOLOGY

Front 44

TRUE or FALSE

The goal of toxicology is to preserve patient;s vital functions and prevent absorption of toxic substance

Back 44

TRUE

Front 45

TRUE or FALSE

Liquids, elixirs, and syrups absorbed the fastest and Enteric-coated tablets are the slowest

Back 45

TRUE

Front 46

The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug

Back 46

CHEMICAL NAME

Front 47

The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract, become SOLUBLE, and are ABSORBED into the circulation

Back 47

DISSOLUTION

Front 48

Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism

Back 48

DRUG

Front 49

The name given to a drug by the US Adopted Names Council (nonproprietary name) and is much SHORTER and SIMPLER than the chemical name and is not protected by trademark

Back 49

GENERIC NAME

Front 50

A chemical form of a drug that is a product of one or more biochemical (metabolic) reactions involving the PARENT DRUG.

Back 50

METABOLITE

Front 51

Those that have pharmacologic activity of their own, even if the PARENT DRUG is INACTIVE (prodrug).

Back 51

ACTIVE METABOLITES

Front 52

Lack of pharmacological activity and are simply drug waste products awaiting excretion from the body

Back 52

INACTIVE METABOLITES

Front 53

The study of how various drug forms influence PHARMACOKINETICS and PHARMACODYNAMICS

Back 53

PHARMACEUTICS

Front 54

The study of drugs

Back 54

PHARMACOLOGY

Front 55

A molecular structure within or on the outer surface of cell. It binds specific substances

Back 55

RECEPTOR

Front 56

The quality of being poisonous

Back 56

TOXIC

Front 57

The commercial name given to a drug product by its manufacturer (proprietary name). Registred and under trademark

Back 57

TRADE NAME

Front 58

TRUE or FALSE

The goal of Pharmaceutics: desired therapeutic response with minimal adverse effects

Back 58

TRUE