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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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respiratory stimulants or analeptics
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What are the drug groups called that stimulate ventilation?
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respiratory stimulants
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stimulate ventilation
also airway management support of ventilation |
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medulla oblongata
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Where is the location of the respiratory center in the body?
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1. Higher brain centers
2. Sensory stimuli 3. Humoral changes |
What are the mechanisms that can modify the action of the medulla?
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mechanisms that can modify the action of the medulla
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1. Higher brain centers
2. Sensory stimuli 3. Humoral changes |
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Humoral changes
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stimulated by decreased 02, increased CO2, or acidosis (decreased pH).
however, too much CO2 for too long decreases sensitivity to CO2 |
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stimulates breathing
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When there is too much CO2, does it stimulate or inhibit breathing?
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inhibit breathing
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When there is too little CO2, does it stimulate or inhibit breathing?
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bronchioles
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Which part of the respiratory system has NO cartilage rings which allow to bring more air into the lungs?
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alveolar sacs
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In the respiratory system, what are the terminal ends in the bronchioles called?
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alveoli-capillary interface
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Where 02 enters the blood and CO2 leaves the blood.
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1. COPD or obstructive disorders (ie. asthma/bronchitis/emphysema)
2. Decreased breathing overall 3. Association of respiratory system with cardiovascular system |
What happens when respiratory conditions have decreased 02 tension in blood?
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COPD or obstructive disorders
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asthma/bronchitis/emphysema
Airway obstruction troubling exhaling used air so less room for fresh air |
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Decreased breathing overall
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pneumonia, fibrosis, depressed respiratory center, polio, etc.
With trouble inhaling, patient does not ventilate well. |
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Association of respiratory system with cardiovascular system
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Reason for lungs is to exchange gases btwn air and blood - both air and blood must be in all areas of the lung and with enough area of contact for efficient exchange.
decreased contact surface area increased diffusion distance lung has inconsistent aeration lung has inconsistent circulation |
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emphysema
TB cancer |
What are some specific diseases that decrease contact surface area in lung?
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heart failure
lung inflammation fibrosis |
What are some specific diseases that increased diffusion distance in lungs?
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mucus plugs
aspiration fluid compression |
What are some specific diseases that the lung has inconsistent aeration?
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pulmonary embolism
cardiac abnormalities |
What are some specific diseases that the lung has inconsistent circulation?
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Respiratory stimulants
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Therapeutic uses of what drug group?
May counteract drug overdose, but not a specific antidote to sedatives or narcotics may actually potentiate some depressant effects. May shorten recovery time from anesthesia; mechanical ventilation is better. Apnea in premature infants or sometimes to shorten sleep apnea episodes. |
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Some act on medulla, others action unknown
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What is the mechanism of action for respiratory stimulants?
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mechanism of action for respiratory stimulants
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What drug group?
Mechanism of action Some act on medulla, others action unknown |
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airway remodeling
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decribes the permanent, negative changes that can occur with chronic irritation of the bronchioles. They become permanently scarred and narrowed and unable to dilate effectively. Most notable changes include: increased collagen deposition and airway smooth muscle bulk, mast cell and goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial cell hypertrophy.
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airway remodeling
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The danger of __________ ________ explain the need for BOTH bronchodilation and decreased inflammation for effective therapy.
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Therapeutic uses
Bronchiodilators & antiinflammatory agents |
1. Asthma and other types of COPD
2. Used any time brochial dilation is desirable Therapeutic use, Side effects, or cautions? What 2 drug types? |
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1. Asthma and other types of COPD
2. Used any time brochial dilation is desirable |
What are the general therapeutic uses of Bronchiodilators & antiinflammatory agents?
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1. Sympathomimetics (rescue)
2. Xanthines - aminophylline (theophylline) 3. Anticholinergic (ipratropium)(atrovent) 4. Asthma prophylactic - cromolyn - mast cell stabilizers 5. Leukotriene Receptor antagonists 6. Corticosteroids |
What are the names of ALL of the drug groups that are bronchiodilators and antiinflammatory agents?
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bronchiodilators and antiinflammatory agents
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1. Sympathomimetics (rescue)
2. Xanthines - aminophylline (theophylline) 3. Anticholinergic (ipratropium)(atrovent) 4. Asthma prophylactic - cromolyn - mast cell stabilizers 5. Leukotriene Receptor antagonists 6. Corticosteroids |
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Sympathomimetics
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rescue drugs
Older agents - are both B1 and B2 agonists: epinephrine, isoproterenol Ephedrine should NOT longer be used (too MUCH cardiac and CNS stimulation) Newer agents - B2 selective with less cardiac stimulation: albuterol |
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asthma or other cases of COPD
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What are the Therapeutic uses for Sympathomimetics?
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Sympathomimetics
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Mech of action
B2 agonist - relaxes SM of bronchioles Most products can be inhaled Some may be injected E can only be taken orally |
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ephedrine
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What Sympathomimetic can only be taken orally?
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