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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS drug
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A substance which exerts its effect by acting on brain or spinal cord.
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A substance which exerts its effect by acting on brain or spinal cord.
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Define CNS drug.
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1. more drugs than any other group
2. Little known about mechanisms |
Why are CNS drugs so difficult to study?
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heroin, PCP, peyote, LSD
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What are the Illicit substances (agents) of the CNS?
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- not therapeutic
yes |
Are illicit substances therapeutic? are they illegal?
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Socially acceptable substances in our society
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alcohol, tea, coffee, tobacco, marijuana
What are these? |
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alcohol, tea, coffee, tobacco, marijuana
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What are the Socially acceptable substances for the CNS?
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Therapeutic agents
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treat:
pain mental disorders sleep disorders Parkinson's Disease Epilepsy |
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pain
mental disorders sleep disorders Parkinson's Disease Epilepsy |
What do the therapeutic agents treat in the CNS?
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Pass BBB and distributed throughout brain
must be FAT SOLUBLE Thought to act at synapses by either affecting: a. release of neurotransmitter (increase or decrease amount released) b. receptor stimulation (agonists stimulates and antagonists block the receptor c. receptor number - a long term effect some drugs change the number of receptors available (up or down regulation) |
How do CNS drugs work?
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CNS drugs mechanism of action
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Pass BBB and distributed throughout brain
must be FAT SOLUBLE Thought to act at synapses by either affecting: a. release of neurotransmitter (increase or decrease amount released) b. receptor stimulation (agonists stimulates and antagonists block the receptor c. receptor number - a long term effect some drugs change the number of receptors available (up or down regulation) |
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distributed
FAT synapses neurotransmitter agonists antagonists receptors |
CNS drugs
Pass BBB and ___________ throughout brain must be ____ SOLUBLE Thought to act at _________ by either affecting: a. release of ______________(increase or decrease amount released) b. receptor stimulation (________ stimulates and ___________ block the receptor c. receptor number - a long term effect some drugs change the number of __________ available (up or down regulation) |
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1. 10 million neurons
2. numerous neurotransmitters - NE, Ach, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, histamine, glutamate, opiates 3. At least 1 receptor for each different transmitter |
Why is the CNS more complicated than the ANS?
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hypothalamus and reticular activating system
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Where are the receptors located in the brain for NE?
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limbic structures in cortex
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Where are the receptors located in the brain for Dopamine?
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hypothalamus
reticular activating system |
Where are the receptors concentrated in the brain for NE?
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limbic structures in the cortex
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Where are the receptors concentrated in the brain for dopamine?
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body temp
alertness wakefulness |
What MIGHT be some functions for NE in the brain?
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emotion
schizophrenia |
What MIGHT be some functions for Dipamine in the brain?
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prominent effect or main therapeutic effect
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In the outline, how are drugs classified?
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Sensation acuity increased (greater awareness of the environment)
Motor activity increased (restlessness) |
What are the SIGNS of CNS stimulation?
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Sensation acuity decreases
(lack of perception, drowsy, not alert) Motor activity decreases (lethargic) |
What are the SIGNS of CNS depression?
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misleading
stimulate stimulants depressants |
All CNS drugs USED to be classified as stimulants or depressants, but was __________.
A drug may _________ one area of the brain but depress other areas. Concept of stimulation and depression is very important. Still are two important categories called ___________ and ___________. |
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euphoria (feeling of well being)
anxiety and nervousness tremors and hallucinations convulsions or seizures death |
According to the continuum chart, what are the signs for stimulants?
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sedation (drowsy)
hyponosis (sleep) general anesthesia (loss of conciousness) coma death |
According to the continuum chart, what are the signs for depressants?
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drug abuse
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difficult to define
Conveys notion of: 1. chronic use 2. Social disapproval Does not necessarily deal with potential for adverse effects (e.g. smoking) ex. alcohol abuse - chronic ex. OK to use sleeping pill everyday if physician prescribes (socially acceptable) |
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difficult to define
Conveys notion of: 1. chronic use 2. Social disapproval Does not necessarily deal with potential for adverse effects (e.g. smoking) |
Define drug abuse.
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Tolerance
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state where one must increase the dose of a drug in order to acheive or maintain the desired effect. (all narcotics, barbiturates, alcohol, tobacco). Recall that ________ may be "metabolic" or "receptor" based.
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always
physically not metabolic compulsion |
Tolerance _______ occurs in process of becoming ________ addicted to a drug. (May get tolerance to drugs that are ____ addicting, but this is usually _________ tolerance and does not deal with the CNS. "Addiction" implies __________ involving CNS drugs and/or endogenous CNS compounds.)
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Physical dependence
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An adaptive physiological state that occurs after administration of a drugs that manifests itself by physical distribution when the drug is withdrawn.
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Psychological dependence
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A state of emotional reliance upon a drug in order to maintain a state of well being. Tolerance, if it does occur, is of the "metabolic" type so there are no withdrawl symptoms.
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