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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxygen
decrease demand two treating angina |
Supply vs. demand for ________: i.e. Pain caused by sudden:
________ of the blood supply to heart muscle or increase oxygen _______ without increased oxygen supply. or combination of the ____. What is this for? |
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coronary
Prinzmetals anemia treating angina |
Decreased oxygen supply:
atherosclerosis in _______ arteries (_________ variant angina) may also associated with severe _______. What is this for? |
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exercise
hypertension |
Increased oxygen demand:
_______ or strong emotion heart overworking (valve disease, __________, pulmonary hypertension |
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Nitrates
B blockers Ca++ channel blocking agents |
What are the drugs that can be used to treat Angina?
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Nitrates
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What is the drug of choice to treat angina?
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B blockers
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What drug is this that treat angina?
does not help during attack used to prevent attack (mechanism: decrease workload of heart) |
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Ca++ channel blockers
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Blocks movement of extracellular calcium into cells. Stops some muscle contraction.
Dilation of coronary and peripheral vessels; decrease in cardiac contractility. |
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Blocks movement of extracellular calcium into cells. Stops some muscle contraction.
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What is the mechanism of action for Ca++ channel blockers?
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Ca++ channel blockers
(therapeutic effects) |
Useful chiefly in Prinzmetal "variant" angina due to coronary artery spasm (not better than nitrates, however).
Not very useful if coronary vessels are occluded. |
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Ca++ channel blockers
(side effects) |
result from relaxation of smooth and cardiac muscle. Hypotension, peripheral edema, dizzines, headache, sometimes bradycardia and ***possible CHF*** if patient susceptible. Constipation, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue.
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Nitrates or Nitrites
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relaxes smooth muscle
decreases work load of heart by decreasing BP Does slightly increase O2 supply by dilating coronary arteries. |
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angina pectoralis
also hypertensive emergencies: BP control during surgery, hypertensive crisis |
What are the therapeutic uses for Nitrates?
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1. tachycardia
2. Headache 3. dizziness upon standing 4. nausea and vomiting |
What are the side effects or toxic effects for Nitrates?
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Contraindications or cautions for nitrates
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1. Storage of medicine - deteriorates in light, high temps, moisture; keep away from body heat
2. Glaucoma - dilated eye vessels may increase intraocular pressure 3. Head trauma, cerebrovascular hemorrhage, intracraniam pressure.. |
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hypertension
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BP too high
what is this? |
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hypotension
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BP too low
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pressor agent
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a agent that increases BP, vasoconstrictor
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antipressor agent
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a agent that decreases BP, vasodilator
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Cardiac output - HR and stroke volume
Arteriole diameter Blood volume |
What are some factor that affect blood pressure?
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increased workload on heart
direct damage to arteries (roughens walls and leads to arteriosclerosis) |
Why is hypertension so damaging?
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kidney
brain heart |
What are the organs that could be damaged by hypertension and lead to death?
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Specific or second degree
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less than 15%
only curable kinds Pheochromocytoma Cushing's Disease Renal disease |
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essential or primary hypertension
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just high BP
lots of Na+ in fluid more than 85% |
