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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Characteristics of an ideal antibiotic
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1) Bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic
2) High margin of safety 3) Stable and active in all types of milieu 4) No hypersensitivity Rx 5) Reasonable cost |
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Bacteriacidal vs bacteriostatic
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Bactericidal actually can kill the organism, bactericidal stops growth and relies on immune system to kill organism
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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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Lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits bacterial growth
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Minimum bacterial concentration (MBC)
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Lowest concentration of Ab required to kill a bacterium
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Post-antibiotic Effect
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When the antibiotic has its effects even after the drug is gone.
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Most important mechanism for an organism gaining antibiotic resistance
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conjugation
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3 general mechanism bacteria use to become resistance to antibiotics
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1) Inactivate the drugs
2) Prevent drugs from reaching their target site (decreased uptake, increased efflux) 3) Alteration of the target of the drug. |
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Synergistic Effect
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When two drugs are used in combination and the MIC is increased by at least 4 fold.
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Additive Effect
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When two bacteriostatic agents with the same mechanism of action are used in combination.
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Antagonism Effect
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Usually, bacteriostatic Abs are antagonistic to bactericidal Abs.
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3 general types of untoward effects of ABs
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1) Toxic properties of the Ab
2) Hypersensitivity Rx 3) Superinfection (emergence of a new infection during Ab therapy for the primary infection. Usually caused by broad spectrum Abs). |
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Unethical Uses of Abs
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1) Treatment of an untreatable disease (ex viral infection)
2) Treatment of a fever of undetermind etiology 3) Improper dosage and duration 4) Failure to discontinue drug in the presence of a potentially serious untoward effect. 5) Omission of a surgical procedure if needed. 6) Others (no concern for price, patient compliance). |
