Pharm Test 5

Front 1

secretion of hormone 1 inhibits the release of hormones 2 and 3 that stimulate the seccretion of hormone 1. eg. give prednisone (hormone 1) which inhibits CRF (hormone 2) and ACTH (hormone 3) both of which stimulate release of hydrocortisone

Back 1

negative feedback

Front 2

what two groups can adrenocorticosteroids be divided into?

Back 2

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids

Front 3

what is the major glucocorticoid?

Back 3

cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Front 4

what steroids affect the water and electrolyte composition of the body?

Back 4

mineralocorticosteroids (mineralcorticoids)

Front 5

disease/condition produced by a deficiency of adrenocorticosteroids

Back 5

addison's disease

Front 6

steroidal cmponents released from the adrenal cortex, including glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

Back 6

adrenocorticosteroids/corticosteroids/steroids

Front 7

agent secreted by the pituitary that causes the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex

Back 7

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 8

disease/condition produced by an excess of adrenocorticosteroids

Back 8

cushing's syndrome

Front 9

adrenocorticosteroids that primarily affect carbohydrate metabolism

Back 9

glucocorticoids

Front 10

adrenocorticosteroids that affect the body's sodium and water balance (fluid levels)

Back 10

mineralcorticoids

Front 11

easily breakable, easy to crumble

Back 11

friable

Front 12

osteoarthritis; inflamed joints with pain and stiffness; rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disease of joints characterized by inflammation, pain, stiffness, and redness

Back 12

arthritis

Front 13

corticosteroids used to treat what can exacerbate the infection

Back 13

herpes

Front 14

what is the strongest of the corticosteroids?

Back 14

betamethasone

Front 15

gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream

Back 15

endocrine glands

Front 16

small glands located in the neck that produce a hormone that regulates the levels of calcium in the blood

Back 16

parathyroids

Front 17

gland that produces enzymes that break down food and hormones (insulin and glucagon) that help to regulate blood glucose levels

Back 17

pancreas

Front 18

hormone made in the pancreas that plays an important role in the absorption of glucose (the body's main source of energy) into muscle cells

Back 18

insulin

Front 19

undersized, abnormal; body parts not in proportion

Back 19

dwarfism

Front 20

output of large amounts of dilute urine; results from lack of antidiuretic hormone

Back 20

diabetes insipidus

Front 21

development occurs early; used to refer to early puberty

Back 21

precocity

Front 22

enlargement of peripheral body parts such as head, face, hands, feet; secondary to metabolic disorder

Back 22

acromegaly

Front 23

abnormal growth of body or its parts

Back 23

giantism

Front 24

hormone produced by the pituitary gland that causes the ovaries and testicles to release sex hormones and plays a role in the development of eggs and sperm

Back 24

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 25

development and release of the egg from the ovarywhich usually occurs halfway through a woman's menstrual cycle

Back 25

ovulation

Front 26

increased level of prolactin in blood; abnormal

Back 26

hyperprolactinemia

Front 27

hormone from the pituitary gland; causes contraction of the uterus and stimulation of milk flow

Back 27

oxytocin

Front 28

disease with tendency to bleed, prolonged bleeding time; inherited

Back 28

von willebrand's disease

Front 29

thyroid homone; T3

Back 29

triiodothyronine

Front 30

hypothyroidism in the adult is called

Back 30

myxedema

Front 31

hypothyroidism in the infant or small child is called

Back 31

cretinism

Front 32

thyroid hormone t4

Back 32

tetraiodothyronine

Front 33

element for the formation of thyroid hormones

Back 33

iodine

Front 34

use of natural or artificial hormones to treat hormone deficiencies

Back 34

hormone replacement therapy

Front 35

hyperplasia of thyroid gland; exophthalmos common

Back 35

graves disease

Front 36

lymphocytes enter thyroid, diffuse goiter; hypothyroidism produced thyroiditis

Back 36

hashimoto's disease

Front 37

antibodies to thyroglobulin

Back 37

antithyroglobulin

Front 38

eyeballs that protrude caused by hyperthyroidism

Back 38

exophthalmos

Front 39

normal thyroid

Back 39

euthyroid

Front 40

thyroid removal

Back 40

thyroidectomy

Front 41

produced by excessive thyroid hormone

Back 41

thyrotoxicosis

Front 42

disease with abnormal glucose use; insulin lacking or does not work properly; many complications (e.g. periodontal disease)

Back 42

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Front 43

chronic disease that is caused by a total lack of insulin production and primarily occurs in people less than 20 years of age; can only be treated with insulin

Back 43

type 1 diabetes

Front 44

chronic disese that occurs mainly in people older than 40 years, overweight persons; treated with diet changes and oral drugs that reduce glucose levels in the blood; insulin may be needed in some patients

Back 44

type II diabetes

Front 45

sugar that is the main source of energy for the body

Back 45

glucose

Front 46

low blood sugar

Back 46

hypoglycemia

Front 47

disease of larger blood vessels

Back 47

macroangiopathy

Front 48

disease of small capillaries

Back 48

microangiopathy

Front 49

reaction that occurs when blood sugar is too low; excessive insulin is one factor

Back 49

insulin shock

Front 50

female sex hormone; plays role in reproduction thickens uterine lining

Back 50

progesterone

Front 51

two almond shaped glands located at the opening of the fallopian tubes on both sides of teh uterus; produce eggs and the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

Back 51

ovaries

Front 52

the period in a woman's life when menstruation stops, resulting in a reduced production of estrogen adn cessation of egg production

Back 52

menopause

Front 53

oral contraceptive containing only progesterone (no estrogen)

Back 53

minipill

Front 54

drug similar to testosterone that builds muscles and strengthens bones

Back 54

anabolic steroids

Front 55

skin tumor composed of cells called melanocytes

Back 55

melanoma

Front 56

spreading of a cancerous tumor to another part of the body; through the lymph, blood, or across a cavity; also sometimes refers to a tumor that has been produced in this way

Back 56

metastases

Front 57

cancerous cells in the blood marrow

Back 57

myeloma

Front 58

group of cancers of the lymph nodes and spleen that can spread to other parts of the body

Back 58

lymphoma

Front 59

tumor

Back 59

neoplasm

Front 60

abnormally low number of white blood cells in the circulating body

Back 60

leukopenia

Front 61

reaction that consists of destruction that occurs because of the immune response of the body to itself

Back 61

autoimmune

Front 62

sudden drop in white blood cell count that is accompanied with a high fever

Back 62

agranulocytosis

Front 63

inhibits the activity of the immune system; used to prevent transplant organ rejection and for disorders in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis)

Back 63

immunosuppresant

Front 64

platelets may be to low in the body

Back 64

thrombocytopenia

Front 65

white blood cell count is too low

Back 65

agranulocytosis

Front 66

antineoplastic drugs are sometimes called what?

Back 66

cancer chemotherapeutic agents

Front 67

what are antineoplastic drugs primarily used to treat?

Back 67

cancer

Front 68

skin tumor composed of cells called melanocytes

Back 68

melanoma

Front 69

spreading of a cancerous tumor to another part of the body; through the lymph, blood, or across a cavity; also sometimes refers to a tumor that has been produced in this way

Back 69

metastases

Front 70

cancerous cells in the bone marrow

Back 70

myeloma

Front 71

group of cancers of the lymph nodes and spleen that can spread to other parts of the body

Back 71

lymphoma

Front 72

tumor

Back 72

neoplasm

Front 73

abnormally low number of white blood cells in the circulating body

Back 73

leukopenia

Front 74

used in or taken through the mouth

Back 74

oral

Front 75

inhibits the activity of the immune system; used to prevent transplant organ rejection and for disorders in which the body`s immune system attacks its own tissues (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis)

Back 75

immunosuppressant

Front 76

reaction that consists of destruction that occurs because of the immune response of the body itself

Back 76

autoimmune

Front 77

sudden drop in white blood cell count that is accompanied with a high fever

Back 77

agranulocytosis

Front 78

two organs in the chest that take in oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide

Back 78

lungs

Front 79

inhaler that gives a specific amount of medication with each use

Back 79

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

Front 80

burning sensation experienced in the center of the chest up to the throat; caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 80

heartburn

Front 81

erosion in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine; most related to the presence of Helicobacter pylori

Back 81

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Front 82

fluid made in the liver and stored int the gallbladder; aids in digestion

Back 82

bile

Front 83

some paralysis of stomach muscles; common with diabetes

Back 83

gastroparesis

Front 84

a treatment for excessive salivation

Back 84

antisialagogue

Front 85

general term for two inflammatory disorders affecting the intestines; also known as Crohn`s disease and ulcerative colitis

Back 85

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Front 86

inflammation of the large intestine (the colon) which usually leads to abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea with blood and mucus

Back 86

colitis