Pharm Test 4 Block 4

Front 1

Selective Toxicity

Back 1

exploiting differences between host and infectious agent.
-cell structures
-biochemical pathways
-pathways mediated by evolutionarily distinct analogs
-growth characteristics

Front 2

chemotherapy efficacy, host determinants

Back 2

determined by patient immunocompetency, drug pharmacokinetics, patient age, pregnancy

Front 3

chemotherapy efficacy, target determinants

Back 3

bug species, body burden, growth rate, location of infection

Front 4

bactericidal

Back 4

kills bacteria
-better for immunocompromised patients
-concentration and time dependent

Front 5

bacteriostatic

Back 5

stops growth

Front 6

antimicrobial resistance

Back 6

1. misdiagnosis
2. inherent resistance
3. acquired resitance

Front 7

acquired antimicrobial resistance

Back 7

-genetic: mutations, chromosomal resistance, horizontal gene transfer
-non-genetic: growth latency, protplasms

Front 8

>70%

Back 8

nosocomial infectious agent's rate of resistance to drugs commonly used against them

Front 9

antimicrobial resistance in a health-care setting promoted by:

Back 9

extensive antimicrobial use, transmission of infection, presence of susceptible hosts

Front 10

empiric treatment

Back 10

diagnosis and treatment based on profile of presenting clinical signs

Front 11

in vivo MIC considerations

Back 11

1.infection sight drug concentration
2.anatomic location of infection - e.g. cross BBB? in urinary bladder?

Front 12

broad spectrum agent

Back 12

works against both gram positive and gram negative bugs.

Front 13

disadvantage to using broad spectrum antibiotic

Back 13

especially if taken orally, these agents indiscriminately kill off pathogenic bugs and normal flora - may be even allowing overgrowth of some species leading to secondary pathogenesis. e.g. C. Difficile pseudomembranous colitis.

Front 14

narrow spectrum

Back 14

antibiotic effective against limited range of bacteria

Front 15

drug administration routes

Back 15

1.oral
2.IM (parenteral)
3.IV (parenteral)
4.Topical

Front 16

Drug-drug interactions

Back 16

1.synergistic (0+0=1)
2.antagonistic(1+1=)
3.antimicrobial and other

Front 17

synergistic interaction

Back 17

antimicrobial and antimicrobial
1.drugs block sequential steps in pathway
2.enhance uptake of other antimicrobial
3.inhibit other drug's inactivating enzyme

Front 18

antagonistic interaction

Back 18

antimicrobial and antimicrobial
1.admin of -cidal and -static together
2.induction of drug metabolizing enzyme.

Front 19

anti-microbial and other drug interaction modes

Back 19

1. induction or inhibition of CYP450
2. cytotoxic or immunosuppresive agent
3. enterohepatic cycling.

Front 20

combination anti-biotic therapy

Back 20

1.mixed bacterial infecs
2.unknown bacterial infecs (cover bases)
3.prevent emergence of resistance against any one agent
4.anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-cancer regimens

Front 21

combination antibiotic therapy risks

Back 21

-supetoxicity (spread out organ toxicity)
-emergence of multi-resistance
-cost
-antagonism

Front 22

prophylactic antibiotic use

Back 22

1.pre-surgery to counter risk of infect from gut flora
2.pre-surgery to counter risk of wound infection
3.sexual contacts of someone with STD

Front 23

superinfection

Back 23

When you discover evidence a second infection has emerged on top of the infection you initially began treating, maybe an adverse effect of your antibiotic choice.